Table 2 Human Metabolome Database identifiers (HMDB ID), multivariate data analysis (variable influence on projection (VIP) scores, false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p-value), fold changes and pairwise univariate (ANOVA/Kruskal Wallis test) values are provided for the 11 significantly altered metabolites common to ACO vs. asthma and ACO vs. COPD. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and their significance values (p value) depicts the association between these altered metabolites and lung function parameters, FEV1, FEV1/FVC of ACO subjects

Serine

HMDB0000187

1.55

2.79

< 0.0001

0.77

0.75

*

**

0.63

< 0.0001

0.54

0.0008

Threonine

HMDB0000167

2.04

2.73

< 0.0001

0.87

0.83

*

***

0.48

0.0034

0.54

0.0007

Ethanolamine

HMDB0000149

1.32

1.55

< 0.0001

0.88

0.83

*

***

0.21

ns

0.30

ns

Glucose

HMDB0000122

2.58

2.22

< 0.0001

0.76

0.73

**

***

0.67

< 0.0001

0.72

< 0.0001

Cholesterol

HMDB0000067

1.48

1.45

< 0.0001

0.85

1.29

*

**

0.59

0.0002

0.46

0.0059

2-palmitoylglycerol

HMDB0011533

2.46

1.45

< 0.0001

0.75

1.39

***

**

0.17

ns

0.52

0.0014

Stearic acid

HMDB00827

1.49

1.41

< 0.0001

1.18

0.88

*

*

−0.26

ns

−0.33

ns

Lactic acid

HMDB0000190

1.82

1.42

< 0.0001

0.83

1.18

**

*

−0.35

0.0414

−0.19

ns

Linoleic acid

HMDB0030950

1.52

1.46

< 0.0001

1.35

0.81

**

**

− 0.19

ns

− 0.52

0.0014

D-Mannose

HMDB00169

1.64

1.54

< 0.0001

0.69

0.64

**

***

0.49

0.0025

0.79

< 0.0001

Succinic acid

HMDB00254

1.42

1.82

< 0.0001

0.82

0.74

*

***

0.59

0.0002

0.69

< 0.0001