Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease upper airway microbiota alpha diversity is associated with exacerbation phenotype: a case-control observational study

Table 3 Beta Diversity is Associated with Multiple Clinical Factors on PERMANOVA Analysis

Factor	Univariate PERMANOVA
Factor	p-value	r²	Homogeneity of multivariate dispersions
Anatomic Site	0.016	0.091	Homogeneous (p = 0.225)
Exacerbation Phenotype	0.025	0.050	Heterogeneous (p = 0.037)
Inhaled Corticosteroid Use	0.045	0.043	Heterogeneous (p = 0.005)
Current Tobacco Use	0.024	0.051	Heterogeneous (p = 0.005)
COPD Severity	0.003	0.096	Homogeneous (p = 0.89)
Last Professional Dental Cleaning	0.006	0.104	Heterogeneous (p = 0.003)

ISSN: 1465-993X