Differences in the risk of mood disorders in patients with asthma-COPD overlap and in patients with COPD alone: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study in Korea

Table 5 Associations between the use of concurrent medications and incidence of mood disorders

Types of concurrent medications^a	Depression		Anxiety
Types of concurrent medications^a	Adjusted^b HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted^b HR (95% CI)	P value
ACO	1.10(1.03–1.18)	0.0039	1.06(1.01–1.12)	0.0272
Calcium channel blockers	1.30(1.15–1.48)	< 0.0001	1.14(1.02–1.27)	0.018
Corticosteroids	1.20(1.12–1.28)	< 0.0001	1.19(1.13–1.26)	< 0.0001
Digitalis	1.02(0.85–1.23)	0.8139	0.88(0.75–1.02)	0.098
Benzodiazepines	2.92(2.73–3.13)	< 0.0001	2.54(2.41–2.68)	< 0.0001

Bold results represent statistically significant
ACO asthma-COPD overlap, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR hazard ratio
^aMedications were considered as concurrent if they were prescribed within 6 months before the date of depression or anxiety
^bAdjusted for medications - including calcium antagonists (diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil), corticosteroids, digitalis, and benzodiazepines - prescribed within 6 months before the date of outcome

ISSN: 1465-993X