The pathology of small airways disease in COPD: historical aspects and future directions

Respiratory Research

Table 2 Studies reporting immune cell infiltration in COPD SAD

Authors	Key findings						Area of quantification / Type of analysis	Patient groups
Authors	Macrophages	Neutrophils	CD3⁺	CD4⁺	CD8⁺	CD20⁺	Area of quantification / Type of analysis	Patient groups
Saetta et al. 1998 [76]	=	=	NQ	=	↑	NQ	Sub-epithelium excluding smooth muscle	COPD vs S
Saetta et al. 2000 [59]	↑	=	NQ	=	↑	NQ	Intra-epithelium	COPD vs NS
Turato et al. 2002 [77]	^a↑	=	NQ	^b↑	^b↑	NQ	^aIntra- and ^bsub-epithelium	GOLD 3 vs S and GOLD 1
Hogg et al. 2004 [22]	^a↑	^a↑	NQ	^a↑	^{a, b}↑	^{a, b}↑	^aNumber of airways +ve for cell type ^bAccumulated volume	Increasing severity of disease
Baraldo et al. 2004 [82]	=	^{a, b}↑	NQ	=	^{a, b}↑	NQ	^aWithin smooth muscle ^bpercentage of airways +ve for cell type	COPD vs NS
Pilette et al. 2007 [80]	=	↑	↑	NQ	NQ	NQ	Intra-epithelium and lamina propria	COPD vs S
Battaglia et al. 2007 [83]	=	^a↑	=	=	=	NQ	Lamina propria ^adid not reach significance	COPD vs S
Kim et al. 2008 [84]	=	=	↑	=	=	NQ	Intra- and sub-epithelium	GOLD 4 vs GOLD 0
Olloquequi et al. 2010 [81]	NQ	NQ	=	=	↑	=	Intra- and sub-epithelium	GOLD2 vs NS
Isajevs et al. 2011[79]	↑	↑	NQ	NQ	↑	NQ	Intra- and sub-epithelium	COPD vs NS
Polosukhin et al. 2011 [27]	NQ	NQ	NQ	=	↑	NQ	Intra- and sub-epithelial	COPD vs NS
Polosukhin et al. 2017 [26]	↑	↑	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	Sub-epithelium	COPD vs NS GOLD 3/4 vs GOLD 1/2
Eapen et al. 2017 [78]	=	=	NQ	NQ	↑	NQ	Sub-epithelium	COPD vs NS

↑: increase in cell number; =: no difference
NQ not quantified, NS never smoker, S smoker without COPD, GOLD global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease
"The meaning of a/b are described in the 'area of quantification/type of analysis' column."

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