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Table 5 Univariate and multivariate regression analyses predicting the probability to have a prolonged hospitalisation

From: Clinical variables predicting the risk of a hospital stay for longer than 7 days in patients with severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective study

Variable

Univariate

Multivariate

OR

95% CI

p value

OR

95% CI

p

mMRC dyspnoea score (≥ 2)

2.07

1.29 to 3.32

0.002

2.24 (2.76)

1.34 to 3.74 (1.54 to 4.92)

0.002 (0.001)

GOLD 2017 stages: Stage A

1.00

     

 Stage B

2.24

1.22 to 4.08

0.009

–

–

–

 Stage C

1.48

0.68 to 3.20

0.322

–

–

–

 Stage D

2.60

1.35 to 4.98

0.004

–

–

–

No. of previous AECOPD requiring hospitalisation (≥ 1)

1.57

1.05 to 2.35

0.030

–

–

–

Use of LTOT

1.72

1.12 to 2.64

0.014

–

–

–

Onset of symptoms until admission (≥ 7 days)

1.49

0.99 to 2.42

0.053

–

–

–

Use of antibiotics three months before admission

1.72

1.01 to 2.93

0.044

   

Use of salbutamol two weeks before admission

3.44

1.59 to 7.43

0.002

–

–

–

Use of ipratropium two weeks before admission

2.84

1.34 to 6.01

0.006

–

–

–

COPD-SS (≥ 15 score)

1.39

0.94 to 2.05

0.095

–

–

–

Presence of congestive heart disease

2.14

1.21 to 3.79

0.009

–

–

–

Acute respiratory acidosis at admissiona

2.41

1.50 to 3.88

< 0.001

2.75 (2.68)

1.49 to 5.05 (1.34 to 5.38)

0.001 (0.005)

Hypercapnia at admissionb

1.90

1.26 to 2.87

0.002

–

–

–

Hypercapnia at day 3b

2.05

0.97 to 4.32

0.061

–

–

–

Acute severe hypoxemia at admissioncd

2.32

1.14 to 4.73

0.020

   

Renal bicarbonate retention at admissione

1.84

1.21 to 2.80

0.004

   

Need for NIMV

3.53

2.12 to 5.88

< 0.001

   

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the sputum sample of the previous yearf

4.75

0.96 to 23.34

0.055

   

MRCT colonisationf

9.84

1.23 to 78.59

0.031

   

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the sputum sample during hospitalisationf

7.33

2.00 to 26.88

0.003

   

Streptococcus pneumoniae in the sputum sample during hospitalisationf

0.33

0.11 to 0.96

0.042

   

Use of cephalosporins during hospitalisation

4.54

0.98 to 21.06

0.053

   

Use of fluoroquinolones during hospitalisation

0.61

0.40 to 0.93

0.023

   
  1. In the univariate model the statistical significance considers a p value < 0.1. Data in parentheses report the multivariate model adjusted for anthropometric variables. Hosmer and Lemeshow Test p = 0.956 and p = 0.642 in the multivariate and multivariate adjusted model, respectively
  2. aAcute respiratory acidosis: pH < 7.35; bHypercapnia: PCO2 > 45 mmHg; cAcute severe hypoxemia: PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 200; dAnalysis excluding patients with LTOT; eRenal bicarbonate retention: HCO3 > 30 mmol/L; fDefinition and criteria are reported in Table 3
  3. Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD-SS, COPD severity score questionnaire; GOLD, global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease; HCO3−, serum bicarbonate; LTOT, long-term oxygen therapy; mMRC indicate modified Medical Research Council; MRCT, microorganisms resistant to conventional treatment; NIMV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; PaCO2, partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure; PaO2/FiO2, ratio of partial arterial oxygen pressure to the fraction of inspired oxygen
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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