Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between survivors and non-survivors patients for 90-day follow-up
Variables | Total, n = 203(100%) | Survivor, n = 140(69.0%) | Non-survivors, n = 63(31%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics data | ||||
 Age(years), M ± SD | 57.1 ± 13.7 | 57.1 ± 13.8 | 57.0 ± 13.6 | 0.952 |
 Sex m/f (% male) | 138(68.0%) | 95(67.9%) | 43(68.3%) | 0.955 |
 Current smoking n (%) | 74(36.5%) | 54(38.6%) | 20(31.7%) | 0.431 |
 Alcohol abuse n (%) | 67(33.0%) | 50(35.7%) | 17(27.0%) | 0.260 |
 Antibiotic therapy within the 3 months n (%) | 42(20.4%) | 34(24.3%) | 8(12.7%) | 0.064 |
 History of operation within the 3 months n (%) | 16(7.9%) | 13(9.3%) | 3(4.8%) | 0.400 |
 History of pneumonia within the 3 months n (%) | 18(8.9%) | 14(10.0%) | 4(6.3%) | 0.594 |
Co-morbidity | ||||
 aChronic respiratory disease n (%) | 16(7.9%) | 12(8.6%) | 4(6.3%) | 0.780 |
 bChronic cardiovascular disease n (%) | 11 (5,.4%) | 7 (5.0%) | 4 (6.3%) | 0.742 |
 cChronic renal disease n (%) | 8 (4.0%) | 5 (3.6%) | 3 (4.8%) | 0.706 |
 Diabetes mellitus n (%) | 31 (15.3%) | 21 (15.0%) | 10 (15.9%) | 0.827 |
 dNeurological disease n (%) | 17 (8.4%) | 10 (11.1%) | 7 (11.1%) | 0.414 |
Etiology of cirrhosis | ||||
 Virus n (%) | 108 (53.2%) | 73 (52.1%) | 35 (55.6%) | 0.852 |
 Alcohol n (%) | 33 (16.3%) | 24 (17.3%) | 9 (14.3%) | |
 Others n (%) | 72 (35.5%) | 49 (35.0%) | 23 (36.5%) | |
Complications of cirrhosis | ||||
 Ascites n (%), | 159 (78.3%) | 102 (72.9%) | 57 (90.5%) | 0.005 |
 Variceal bleeding n (%) | 57 (28.1%) | 36 (25.7%) | 21 (33.3%) | 0.312 |
 SBP n (%) | 29 (14.3%) | 17 (12.1%) | 12 (19.0%) | 0.200 |
 Hepatorenal syndrome n (%) | 27 (13.3%) | 8 (5.7%) | 19 (30.2%) | <0.001 |
 HE grade III/IV n (%) | 11 (5.4%) | 1 (0.7%) | 10 (15.9%) | <0.001 |
Laboratory and radiographic findings | ||||
 WBC 109 cells/L (IQR) | 9.2 (5.4–14.0) | 8.1 (4.7–11.9) | 13.8 (8.6–21.6) | <0.001 |
 Platelet count, 109 platelets/L(IQR) | 60.0 (32.0–93.0) | 69.5 (41.3–103.0) | 43.0 (21.0–68.0) | <0.001 |
 C-reactive protein level, mg/dL (IQR) | 27.9 (12.3–66.8) | 27.0 (10.6–66.3) | 28.7 (15.6–68.8) | 0.314 |
 Creatinine, μmol/L (IQR) | 76 (59.0–120.0) | 68.0 (55.0–90.8) | 118 (76.0–212.0) | <0.001 |
 Albumin, g/dL (M ± SD) | 25.7 ± 4.9 | 26.0 ± 5.0 | 25.0 ± 4.8 | 0.180 |
 Total Bilirubin, mg/dL (IQR) | 63.5 (24.8–239.8) | 38.0 (21.3–104.0) | 273 (71.2–479.5) | <0.001 |
 INR (IQR) | 1.54 (1.27–2.23) | 1.36 (1.20–1.70) | 2.62 (1.93–3.38) | <0.001 |
 Multilobar infiltration n (%) | 155 (77.5%) | 102 (72.9%) | 53 (88.3%) | 0.017 |
 Pleural effusion n (%) | 153 (76.1%) | 102 (72.9%) | 51 (83.6%) | 0.109 |
Bacteremia n (%) | 14 (6.9%) | 5 (3.6%) | 9 (14.3%) | 0.013 |
SIRS n (%) | 121 (59.6%) | 71 (50.7%) | 50 (79.4%) | <0.001 |
Appropriate empirical antibiotic use n (%) | 111 (54.7%) | 101 (72.1%) | 10 (15.9%) | <0.001 |
ICU addmission n (%) | 32 (15.8%) | 11 (7.9%) | 21 (33.3%) | <0.001 |
Severity score | ||||
 PSI score (IQR) | 107 (88–140) | 99 (87–115) | 164 (124–196) | <0.001 |
 MELD (M ± SD) | 17.6 ± 12.6 | 12.2 ± 8.7 | 29.7 ± 11.3 | <0.001 |
 MELD-Na (M ± SD) | 21.4 ± 18.8 | 15.5 ± 11.6 | 34.5 ± 15.0 | <0.001 |
 Child-Pugh C grade, n (%) | 84 (41.4%) | 36 (25.7%) | 48 (76.2%) | <0.001 |
 qSOFA (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (1–2) | <0.001 |
 CLIF-SOFA (M ± SD) | 7.4 ± 4.3 | 5.4 ± 2.9 | 11.5 ± 3.9 | <0.001 |