Table 5 Comparison of baseline characteristics, medical utilization, and costs between PRISm with and without medically diagnosed COPD

Age

70.06 ± 7.48

55.21 ± 10.49

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

16 (100.0)

270 (90.9)

–

Height (cm)

162.95 ± 6.9

167.0 ± 6.89

0.023

Weight (kg)

61.58 ± 13.13

69.04 ± 11.41

0.012

 Current smoking, n (%)

8 (50.0)

185 (62.3)

0.325

 Pack-years

36.63 ± 14.16

33.02 ± 20.62

0.490

 Pulmonary tuberculosis

1 (6.3)

20 (6.7)

0.940

 Asthma

4 (25.0)

11 (3.7)

< 0.001

 FVC % predicted

64.83 ± 10.86

72.96 ± 9.2

< 0.001

 FEV₁% predicted

69.77 ± 9.16

72.97 ± 6.55

0.188

 FEV₁/FVC

0.76 ± 0.06

0.77 ± 0.06

0.182

 Cough for more than 3 months

0

2 (0.7)

–

 Sputum for more than 3 months

0

2 (0.7)

–

 Dyspnea

2 (12.5)

1 (0.3)

< 0.001

 Wheezing

6 (37.5)

31 (10.4)

0.001

 Chronic bronchitis

0

2 (0.7)

–

OPD visit, n (%)

15 (93.8)

7 (2.4)

< 0.001

No. of OPD visit

8.81 ± 10.15

0.03 ± 0.18

< 0.001

Hospitalization, n (%)

9 (56.3)

20 (6.7)

< 0.001

ER visit, n (%)

5 (31.3)

7 (2.4)

< 0.001

ICU admission, n (%)

2 (12.5)

4 (1.4)

0.002

Total hospital visit, n (%)

16 (100.0)

25 (8.4)

–

ICS, n (%)

4 (25.0)

1 (0.3)

< 0.001

ICS + LABA, n (%)

8 (50.0)

3 (1.0)

< 0.001

LAMA, n (%)

4 (25.0)

–

–

SAMA, n (%)

8 (50.0)

4 (1.4)

< 0.001

SABA, n (%)

8 (50.0)

3 (1.0)

< 0.001

Systemic bronchodilator, n (%)

9 (56.3)

2 (0.7)

< 0.001

Methylxanthine, n (%)

11 (68.8)

6 (2.0)

< 0.001

Total prescribed medication, n (%)

16 (100.0)

10 (3.4)

–

Hospitalization medical Cost (for 3 years) (USD)

3647.51 ± 4773.55

223.58 ± 1535.45

0.012

Total

16

297