Leptin receptor gene polymorphisms and sex modify the association between acetaminophen use and asthma among young adults: results from two observational studies

Table 4 Associations between acetaminophen use and current wheeze in the total population and stratified by sex: results from the Isle of Wight and Kuwait University Allergy studies

Acetaminophen use	Total Population		Males		Females
Acetaminophen use	Current wheeze, % (n/total)	Adjusted PR^c (95% CI)	Current wheeze, % (n/total)	Adjusted PR^d (95% CI)	Current wheeze, % (n/total)	Adjusted PR^d (95% CI)	P _interaction ^e
IOW Study^a
Never	15.8 (91/575)	1.00	13.2 (46/349)	1.00	19.9 (45/226)	1.00	0.011
Medium	23.0 (106/482)	1.36 (1.02–1.81)	21.1 (45/213)	1.80 (1.19–2.71)	22.7 (61/269)	1.01 (0.67–1.47)
High	38.9 (84/216)	2.34 (1.73–3.16)	43.7 (31/71)	3.60 (2.36–5.49)	36.6 (53/145)	1.63 (1.12–2.39)
KUA Study^b
Never	8.6 (14/163)	1.00	5.8 (3/52)	1.00	9.9 (11/111)	1.00	0.064
Medium	14.8 (51/345)	1.82 (0.99–3.33)	21.8 (22/101)	3.27 (1.04–10.31)	11.9 (29/244)	1.26 (0.61–2.61)
High	16.2 (96/591)	2.12 (1.19–3.80)	23.5 (24/102)	3.63 (1.16–11.31)	14.7 (72/489)	1.66 (0.86–3.22)

IOW Isle of Wight study, KUA Kuwait University Allergy study, PR Prevalence ratio, CI Confidence interval
^aAverage times of acetaminophen use per month was reported and categorized as: never = none per month, medium = one or two times per month, and high = three or more times per month
^bAcetaminophen use in the past 12-months was reported as: never = none in the past 12-months, medium = at least once in the past 12-months, and high = at least once per month in the past 12-months
^cAdjusted for sex, age, body mass index, and current smoking status
^dAdjusted for age, body mass index, and current smoking status
^eRefers to the p-value associated with the interaction (product) term: ‘sex × acetaminophen use’

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