Table 3 Receptor mechanisms of select neuropeptides

Substance P/ Neurokinin A

neurokinin-1,2 & 3 receptors (NK-1,2 &3) (discussed and reviewed in [239] and [240]).

G_s and G_q [241,242,243].

↑ intracellular Ca²⁺, DAG, cAMP, IP3 [79, 239, 244,245,246].

CFTR has been implicated [100].

VIP

VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1 [30, 247].

G_s, G_i and G_q [248, 249].

↑ intracellular Ca²⁺, DAG, cAMP, IP3, [249].

CFTR has been implicated [132].

CGRP

CGRP-α subtype and CGRP-β subtype [31, 138, 250].

G_q and G_s [251].

↑ intracellular Ca²⁺, DAG, IP3, cAMP [251, 252].

NPY

Y-1, Y-2, Y-4 and Y-5 receptors [32, 34, 182].

G_i and G_q [182, 253].

↑ intracellular Ca²⁺, DAG, cAMP, IP3, [182, 253,254,255,256].

Bombesins (GRP-27; NMB)

NMB = subtype 1 receptor (BB₁); GRP-27 = subtype 2 receptor (BB₂); subtype-3 (BB₃) = orphan [35].

G_i and G_q [35].

↑ intracellular Ca²⁺, DAG, cAMP, IP3 [35, 257].

Chromogranins (Secretoneurin)

Currently suspected, but not identified G-protein coupled receptor.

↑ intracellular Ca²⁺, cAMP [36].