Fig. 4

OxLDL immunization does not impact cigarette smoke-induced histological changes. Six to eight weeks old female BALB/c mice (n = 5/group) were injected with PBS alone or immunized against OxLDL (OxLDL:Addavax) and exposed to room air or cigarette smoke. Representative lung histological pictures of mice treated with PBS alone or immunized against OxLDL (OxLDL:Addavax) and exposed to room air or cigarette smoke for 8 weeks. a-d Representative fields from lung sections stained with haematoxylin & eosin. e Airspace and lung tissue area were determined from scanned lung sections (3 sections/mouse lung). Whole lung (f) osteopontin (spp1), g connective tissue growth factor (ctgf), h alpha 2 smooth muscle actin (acta2), i collagen type 1 alpha 1 chain (col1a1), and j collagen type 1 alpha 3 chain (col1a3) mRNA levels was assessed by qPCR. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; NS = not significantly different after two-sided Student T test