Fig. 1From: Efficacy and safety of direct switch to indacaterol/glycopyrronium in patients with moderate COPD: the CRYSTAL open-label randomised trialCRYSTAL study design (groups switched to IND/GLY). *Free or fixed-dose combination. †Randomisation ratio (switched: baseline treatments) = 3:1 by stratifying background medications. All comparisons were for superiority of the switched treatment. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; IND/GLY, indacaterol/glycopyrronium; LABA, long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; q.d., once daily; SABA, short-acting β2-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonistBack to article page