Table 1 Demographic, comorbidity and corticosteroid exposure details across cohorts
From: The cost of systemic corticosteroid-induced morbidity in severe asthma: a health economic analysis
Demographics | All (n = 7195) | Non-asthma controls (n = 2412) | Mild/Moderate asthma (n = 3975) | Severe asthma (n = 808) | p-value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female, n (%) | 4503 (63) | 1481 (61) | 2515 (63) | 507 (63) | 0.33 |
Age (years)a | 58 ± 17 | 58 ± 17 | 58 ± 16 | 59 ± 17 | 0.65 |
Geographical region, n (%) | |||||
London | 597 (8) | 198 (8) | 344 (9) | 55 (7) | 0.22 |
South of England | 903 (13) | 333 (14) | 477 (12) | 93 (12) | 0.07 |
East of England | 1064 (15) | 333 (14) | 616 (16) | 115 (14) | 0.16 |
Midlands | 2146 (30) | 685 (28) | 1213 (31) | 248 (31) | 0.17 |
North of England | 1648 (23) | 581 (24) | 874 (22) | 193 (24) | 0.12 |
Scotland/NI/Wales/unknown | 837 (12) | 282 (12) | 451 (11) | 104 (13) | 0.47 |
Number of corticosteroid-related comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
Type II diabetes | 512 (7) | 149 (6) | 281 (7) | 82 (10) | 0.0007 |
Obesity (Body Mass Index >30) | 2285 (32) | 561 (23) | 1385 (35) | 339 (42) | <0.0001 |
Osteopenia | 204 (3) | 41 (2) | 85 (2) | 78 (10) | <0.0001 |
Osteoporosis | 362 (5) | 74 (3) | 162 (4) | 126 (16) | <0.0001 |
Fracture | 263 (4) | 88 (4) | 134 (3) | 41 (5) | 0.06 |
Dyspeptic disorders | 3342 (46) | 851 (35) | 1874 (47) | 617 (76) | <0.0001 |
Glaucoma | 236 (3) | 67 (3) | 137 (3) | 32 (4) | 0.10 |
Cataract | 370 (5) | 105 (4) | 195 (5) | 70 (9) | <0.0001 |
Cardiovascular disease | 522 (7) | 168 (7) | 277 (7) | 77 (10) | 0.03 |
Hypertension | 2017 (28) | 596 (25) | 1145 (29) | 276 (34) | <0.0001 |
Psychiatric conditions | 2155 (30) | 607 (25) | 1238 (31) | 310 (38) | <0.0001 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 943 (13) | 258 (10) | 561 (14) | 124 (15) | <0.0001 |
Sleep disorder | 172 (2) | 40 (2) | 99 (3) | 33 (4) | 0.0003 |
Chronic kidney disease | 619 (9) | 167 (7) | 342 (9) | 110 (14) | <0.0001 |
Inhaled Corticosteroid Dose in Beclomethasone Diproprionate (BDP) equivalentsa | ---- | ---- | 499 ± 323 (n = 3898) | 1411 ± 846 (n = 738) | <0.0001 |
OCS Prescriptions per yeara | ---- | ---- | 1.2 ± 1.8 (n = 995) | 11 ± 9 (n = 808) | <0.0001 |