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Fig. 4 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 4

From: Acute cigarette smoke exposure activates apoptotic and inflammatory programs but a second stimulus is required to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition in COPD epithelium

Fig. 4

Cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation is moderately enhanced by poly (I:C) in mice. C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CSE), poly (I:C) (pI:C, 50 μg), a combination of both (CSE + pI:C) or their respective controls (Air). One day after the last poly (I:C) challenge (Day 19 of the protocol), the mice were killed, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was undertaken, and lung sections were prepared. CSE induced an increase in BAL total cell number (a), neutrophil (b), macrophage (c) and lymphocyte (d) number. e Histological assessments indicated an increase in interstitial inflammation (hematoxylin & eosin; H&E; top panel) and apoptosis (proliferating cell nuclear antigen or cyclin; PCNA; middle panel stains, caspase-3; casp3, bottom panel stains, x20 of original magnification) following CSE and poly I:C challenge. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM of 6–8 animals per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.005

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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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