Table 1 Differences and similarities in clinical features between the COPD population, blood eosinophilhigh COPD subgroup and AC patients
From: Clinical characteristics of eosinophilic COPD versus COPD patients with a history of asthma
AC n = 14 Group A | COPD population n = 67 | A vs. B p value | A vs. C p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COPD n = 67 Group B | aBlood Eosinophilhigh COPD subgroup n = 14 Group C | ||||
Gender (% Male) | 79 | 67 | 79 | 0.53 | >0.99 |
Age (years) | 57.0 (6.9) | 69.2 (6.7) | 66.7 (8.3) | <0.0001 | 0.002 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.1 (4.5) | 27.0 (5.3) | 27.8 (4.9) | 0.18 | 0.47 |
FFMI(kg/m2) | 16.8 (2.7) | 16.8 (4.4) | 17.3 (3.3) | 0.98 | 0.69 |
Smoking history (% Ex) | 71 | 78 | 79 | 0.73 | >0.99 |
Pack years | 33.7 [13.5–69.8] | 44.0 [14.5–154.0] | 47.1 [24.0–154.0] | 0.25 | 0.09 |
Exacerbation (12mths prior) | 3 [0–5] | 1 [0–6] | 1 [0–4] | 0.003 | 0.04 |
Chronic bronchitis (%) | 86 | 55 | 64 | 0.04 | 0.38 |
Any comorbidities (%) | 85 | 84 | 79 | >0.99 | >0.99 |
Age COPD diagnosis | 50.7 (5.9) | 61.2 (7.5) | 61.7 (7.5) | <0.0001 | 0.0002 |
Duration of COPD diagnosis (years) | 8 [0.5–16] | 8 [1–38] | 7.5 [3–11] | 0.52 | 0.94 |
ICS use (%) | 93 | 78 | 71 | 0.28 | 0.33 |
ICS dose (BDP equivalent) | 1550 [0–2000] | 1000 [0–2000] | 900 [0–2000] | 0.45 | 0.35 |
SGRQ total | 34.0 [15.3–78.8] | 46.7 [3.2–90.5] | 39.1 [3.2–90.5] | 0.95 | 0.65 |
CAT | 19.3 (8.8) | 17.7 (8.5) | 16.4 (10.1) | 0.53 | 0.37 |
CCQ total | 1.8 [0.6–5.1] | 2.2 [0.1–4.8] | 1.8 [0.1–4.1] | 0.88 | 0.53 |
Skin prick positive to >1 allergen (%) | 50 | 1.54 | 7.14 | <0.0001 | 0.03 |
Allergic rhinitis (%) | 0 | 4.6 | 7.1 | >0.99 | >0.99 |
Hayfever (%) | 57.1 | 10.4 | 7.1 | 0.0003 | 0.01 |
Eczema (%) | 35.7 | 11.9 | 21.4 | 0.04 | 0.68 |
Yes to do you suffer from allergies? (%) | 85.7 | 9.0 | 7.1 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Family history of asthma (%) | 53.8 | 23.4 | 28.6 | 0.04 | 0.44 |
Total IgE (IU/ml) | 156 [2–2458] | 51 [2–6360] | 85 [8–307] | 0.17 | 0.43 |
High IgE (>100 IU/ml) | 50.0 | 37.3 | 50.0 | 0.23 | >0.99 |
Pre FEV1 (L) | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.6) | 0.005 | 0.21 |
Pre FEV1 (%) | 55.3 (16.6) | 49.0 (18.8) | 51.8 (22.6) | 0.25 | 0.64 |
Pre FEV1/FVC | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.009 | 0.10 |
Post FEV1 (L) | 2.0 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.7) | 0.003 | 0.20 |
Post FEV1 (%) | 61.5 (16.5) | 54.4 (18.9) | 57.6 (22.8) | 0.19 | 0.60 |
Post FEV1/FVC | 0.52 (0.1) | 0.43 (0.1) | 0.42 (0.1) | <0.01 | 0.02 |
Reversibility % | 8.1 [-4.9–30.4] | 9.0 [-7.6–48.2] | 11.2 [-3.0–48.2] | 0.96 | 0.67 |
Reversibility (ml) | 175.0 [-100.0–510.0] | 100 [-100–500] | 130.0 [-60.0–500.0] | 0.37 | 0.90 |
BDR ≥12% and 200ml (%) | 28.6 | 22.4 | 35.7 | 0.73 | >0.99 |
BDR ≥15% and 400ml (%) | 14.3 | 4.5 | 7.14 | 0.20 | >0.99 |
Raw (kPa.sec) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.91 | 0.31 |
sGaw (kPa.sec) | 0.4 [0.2–1.1] | 0.5 [0.1–2.9] | 0.4 [0.1–1.3] | 0.91 | 0.66 |
VC % | 89.8 [77.9–111.5] | 89.2 [59.8–141.5] | 91.8 [65.8–141.5] | 0.88 | >0.99 |
TLC% | 106.9 (16.4) | 107.8 (15.7) | 110.5 (13.0) | 0.85 | 0.59 |
RV % | 145.3 (51.7) | 141.9 (51.2) | 148.0 (46.9) | 0.83 | 0.90 |
IC % | 82.1 (14.0) | 72.8 (18.1) | 68.9 (21.6) | 0.09 | 0.10 |
FRC % | 125.5 (26.5) | 131.5 (39.8) | 142.1 (30.4) | 0.60 | 0.19 |
KCO % | 79.2 (13.3) | 76.5 (20.5) | 81.9 (21.8) | 0.65 | 0.69 |
6MWD(metres) | 376.4 (73.8) | 363.9 (104.6) | 399.1 (140.8) | 0.70 | 0.63 |
FeNO 50 (ppb) | 11.3 [5.2–56.0] | 14.2 [3.8–42.6] | 16.6 [10.2–42.6] | 0.18 | 0.14 |
Blood eosinophil count (109/L) | 0.22 [0.10–0.53] | 0.20 [0.02–1.14] | 0.42 [0.31–1.14] | 0.25 | 0.001 |
Blood eosinophil % | 3.5 [0.9–7.8] | 2.8 [0.3–20.7] | 5.4 [3.7–20.7] | 0.10 | 0.002 |
Blood eosinophil count ≥300 cells/μl | 35.7 | 20.9 | 100 | 0.30 | 0.0006 |
Blood eosinophil >5% | 14.3 | 13.4 | 64.3 | >0.99 | 0.02 |
Sputum total cell count ×106/g | 3.3 [1.0–21.2] | 5.9 [0.5–116.0] | 6.2 [0.7–24.1] | <0.01 | 0.17 |
Sputum neutrophil % | 68.8 [27.5–91.0] | 82.8 [33.3–99.8] | 74.8 [48.0–90.6] | 0.02 | 0.53 |
Sputum macrophage % | 21.2 [6.8–44.0] | 11.6 [0.3–58.8] | 18 [1.24–31.5] | 0.02 | 0.23 |
Sputum eosinophil % | 2.5 [0.5 -9.3] | 2.6 [0–16.3] | 7.0 [3.5–15.8] | 0.92 | 0.002 |
Sputum lymphocyte % | 0.3 [0.0–4.5] | 0.3 [0.0–5.0] | 0.1 [0.0–1.0] | 0.22 | 0.30 |
Sputum epithelial cells % | 2.8 [0.3–27.5] | 0.9 [0.0–13.0] | 2.1 [0.0–13.0] | 0.02 | 0.30 |
Sputum neutrophil cell count ×106/g | 2.5 [0.3–17.5] | 4.7 [0.3–112.5] | 4.6 [0.4–21.8] | 0.01 | 0.15 |
Sputum macrophage cell count ×106/g | 0.6 [0.2–2.1] | 0.8 [0.0–5.3] | 0.58 [0.23–1.74] | 0.76 | 0.78 |
Sputum eosinophil cell count ×106/g | 0.1 [0.01–1.3] | 0.1 [0.0–1.3] | 0.4 [0.1–1.3] | 0.30 | <0.01 |
Sputum lymphocyte cell count ×106/g | 0.01 [0.0–0.06] | 0.0 [0.0–0.48] | 0.0 [0.0–0.08] | 0.98 | 0.82 |
Sputum epithelial cell count ×106/g | 0.15 [0.01–0.92] | 0.05 [0.0–1.35] | 0.07 [0.0–0.89] | 0.03 | 0.34 |
Sputum eosinophil ≥3%b | 46.2 | 36 | 100 | >0.99 | 0.008 |
Eosinophilic/Mixed/Neutrophilic/Paucigranulocytic (%) | 8/33/ 31/23 | 8/40/ 46/6 | 30/70/ 0/0 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Bacterial load (genome copies/ml) | 4.97×104 [0.00–2.06×106] | 7.55×104 [0.00–4.01×107] | 5.52×104 [0.00–9.33×106] | 0.41 | 0.77 |
Colonised (sum bacterial load ≥1×104) (%) | 83 | 65 | 64 | 0.31 | 0.37 |