Table 6 Patient characteristics in the groups with differential distance =0 km or > 0 km

Age (years), mean (sd)

78.7 (9.4)

78.1 (9.6)

6.6

Sex (female), n (%)

1357 (18.2)

975 (19.5)

3.2

Pre-admission within 180 day, n (%)

1695 (22.8)

1120 (22.4)

1

Japan Coma Scale, n (%)

4.1

 Alert

5604 (75.3)

3784 (75.6)

 Dull

1299 (17.4)

882 (17.6)

 Somnolence

337 (4.5)

189 (3.8)

 Coma

206 (2.8)

153 (3.1)

Body mass index, n (%)

7.6

  < 18.5

2644 (35.5)

1684 (33.6)

 18.5–22.9

2431 (32.6)

1710 (34.1)

 23.0–24.9

648 (8.7)

382 (7.6)

 25.0–29.9

493 (6.6)

321 (6.4)

  ≥ 30

87 (1.2)

83 (1.7)

 Missing

1143 (15.4)

828 (16.5)

Smoking index, mean (sd)

713 (1472)

728 (1735)

0.9

Barthel index, n (%)

5.1

 0

2556 (34.3)

1743 (34.8)

 5–9

858 (11.5)

549 (11.0)

 10–14

1001 (13.4)

626 (12.5)

 15–19

440 (5.9)

298 (6.0)

 20

1010 (13.6)

751 (15.0)

 Missing

1581 (21.2)

1041 (20.8)

Hugh-Jones dyspnoea scale score, n (%)

9.4

 0

1182 (15.9)

720 (14.4)

 1

333 (4.5)

178 (3.6)

 2

625 (8.4)

374 (7.5)

 3

718 (9.6)

449 (9.0)

 4

1665 (22.4)

1126 (22.5)

 5

2471 (33.2)

1820 (36.3)

 Missing

452 (6.1)

341 (6.8)

Charlson comorbidity index, n (%)

0.3

 0–1

4663 (62.6)

3140 (62.7)

 2–3

2424 (32.6)

1624 (32.4)

  ≥ 4

359 (4.8)

244 (4.9)

Intensive care unit admission, n (%)

668 (9.0)

414 (8.3)

2.5

Oxygen intake at admission, n (%)

5238 (70.3)

3470 (69.3)

2.3

Intubation at admission, n (%)

252 (3.4)

228 (4.6)

6

Steroid dose (mg), mean (sd)

206 (609)

219 (643)

2.2

Hospital volume, mean (sd)

222 (128)

219 (138)

2.4

Population density of patient living area ≤ 249 persons/km², n (%)

1147 (15.4)

752 (15.0)

1.1

Distance between patient residence and hospital (km), mean (SD)

6.08 (14.84)

8.58 (36.81)

8.9

Early pulmonary rehabilitation

0.38 (0.49)

0.24 (0.43)

30.2

Rehabilitation total session (hours), mean (sd)

8.3 (12.7)

7.4 (11.0)

7.2

Rehabilitation duration (days), mean (sd)

18.2 (20.0)

19.2 (21.5)

4.8