Table 1 Diagnostic relevance of CD44 in MPM
Function | Method/specimen | Reference |
|---|---|---|
High CD44 level indicates presence of neoplastic cells | IHC/MPM tissues | Penno et al. 1995 [79] |
High CD44 level differentiates MPM from ADC | IHC/reactive mesothelium, MPM, ADC samples | Attanoos et al. 1997 [80] |
CD44/HA localization discriminates MPM from ADC | IHC/paraffin-embedded serous fluids | Afify et al. 2005 [81] |
CD44v6/CD44s ratio aids in differential diagnosis between MPM and non-MPM tumors | ELISA/Pleural fluids | Porcel et al. 2011 [84] |
Low CD44 level aids in differential diagnosis of pleural neoplastic differentiation | IHC/epitheloid MPM and reactive mesothelial hyperplasia tissues | Ali et al. 2013 [82] |
Low CD44 positivity and high HA staining may differentiate MPM from ADC | IHC/MPM tissues | Törronen et al. 2016 [83] |