Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study subjects who underwent broncholaveolar lavage

No.

41

86

22

20

19

Age (year)

55(35–72)

67(59–75)*

60.1(39–70)

51.3(28–70)^†

43.3 (28–69)^†

Sex (male/female)

24/17

51/ 35

9/13

10/10

10/9

Smoke (CS/ES/NS)

9/11/14

19/25/36

2/5/12

3/3/12

5/2/9

Survival/Death

ND

57/21

ND

ND

ND

Follow up duration (years)

ND

3.6(1.6–6.5)

ND

ND

ND

FVC (% pred.)

106.1(87.0–119.0)

67.0(52.0–80.0)*

78.0(66.0–91.8)*

64.5(57.0–82.5)*

77.0(65.0–86.0)*

FEV1 (% pred.)

102.1(88.2–117.0)

83.0(59.0–93.0)*

85.0(73.8–101.3)*

74.5(64.3–92.0)*

85.0(64.0–101.0)*

DLCO (% pred.)

85.6(77.5–108.0)

57.0(46.0–71.0)*

76.0(59.0–92.0)*

67.0(55.0–90.0)*

75.5(57.8–84.5)*

dFVC (%/year)

NA

–7.1(–15.8–2.8)

NA

NA

NA

BAL total cell count (×10⁴/mL)

3.46 ± 0.82

7.58 ± 2.24*

17.64 ± 3.86*

13.03 ± 3.78*

8.45 ± 3.78*

Macrophages (×10⁴/mL)

3.02 ± 0.41

5.12 ± 1.71*

11.51 ± 3.07*

8.25 ± 2.38*

6.76 ± 3.79*

Neutrophils (×10⁴/mL)

0.21 ± 0.047

1.45 ± 0.38*

2.31 ± 1.01*

3.14 ± 2.36*

0.45 ± 0.16*

Eosinophils (×10⁴/mL)

0.02 ± 0.01

0.29 ± 0.07*

0.45 ± 0.14*

0.41 ± 0.19*

0.11 ± 0.07

Lymphocytes (×10⁴/mL)

0.04 ± 0.01

0.14 ± 0.05

2.68 ± 0.18*^†

2.20 ± 0.19*^†

2.17 ± 0.24*^†