Table 3 Clinical, biomarker, and demographic associations among the U-BIOPRED adult asthma clinical clusters
From: Validated and longitudinally stable asthma phenotypes based on cluster analysis of the ADEPT study
Variablea | Healthy (n = 101) | Cluster US1 (n = 25) | Cluster US2 (n = 32) | Cluster US3 (n = 17) | Cluster US4 (n = 8) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean [Geo.Mean] ± SD | ||||||
FEV1, % predicted (pre-bd) | 101.8 ± 12.9 | 73.7 ± 7.3 | 66.6 ± 9.0 | 67.6 ± 9.9 | 57.0 ± 8.5 | 8.8 x10 −5 |
FVC, % predicted (pre-bd) | 107.8 ± 13.4 | 90.9 ± 12.4 | 91.5 ± 12.6 | 72.9 ± 11.5 | 81.2 ± 10.5 | 6.1 x10 −6 |
FEV1/FVC (pre-bd) | 0.79 ± 0.06 | 0.68 ± 0.08 | 0.62 ± 0.09 | 0.79 ± 0.09 | 0.60 ± 0.06 | <10 −6 |
bd reversibility, % change FEV1 | na | 13.7 ± 16.7 | 17.9 ± 9.3 | 12.9 ± 12.5 | 45.6 ± 24.5 | 3.1 x10 −6 |
FENO, ppb [Geo.Mean] | 19.9 + 14.2/-8.3 | 20.8 + 16.0/-9.1 | 47.4 + 49.8/-24.3 | 18.1 + 15.0/-8.2 | 38.8 + 33.4/-17.9 | 1.6 x10 −6 |
ACQ7 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | <10 −6 |
AQLQ | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | <10 −6 |
Blood eosinophils, x1000/ul [Geo.Mean] | 0.098 + 0.180/-0.063 | 0.143 + 0.155/-0.075 | 0.484 + 0.356/-0.205 | 0.161 + 0.204/-0.090 | 0.345 + 0.254/-0.146 | <10 −6 |
Blood neutrophils, ×1000/ul [Geo.Mean] | 3.23 + 1.67/-1.10 | 3.77 + 1.58/-1.11 | 4.09 + 1.33/-1.00 | 4.57 + 2.13/-1.45 | 1.84 ± 0.49 | 0.2128 |
Blood WBC, ×1000/ul [Geo.Mean] | 5.64 + 2.04/-1.50 | 6.41 + 1.62/-1.29 | 7.39 + 1.79/-1.44 | 7.83 + 2.24/-1.74 | 2.71 ± 0.36 | 0.0236 |
Sputum neutrophils, % of WBCb | 30.8 + 40.3/-17.4 | 42.8 ± 28.3 | 42.0 ± 23.5 | 73.9 ± 24.2 | 70.0 ± 21.3 | 0.0129 |
Sputum eosinophils, % of WBC [Geo.Mean]b | 0.2 + 0.3/-0.1 | 0.5 + 4.7/-0.5 | 6.1 + 44.5/-5.4 | 0.7 + 4.8/-0.6 | 6.3 + 21.0/-4.9 | 0.0123 |
IgE Total (IU/ml) [Geo.Mean] | 25 + 87/-19 | 121.1 + 377.2/-91.7 | 245.0 + 1,005.0/-197.0 | 84.5 + 267.5/-64.2 | 179.6 + 295.1/-111.7 | 0.0940 |
Age | 39 ± 13 | 46 ± 15 | 49 ± 16 | 50 ± 12 | 44 ± 15 | 0.7000 |
Age of onset, years | na | 21 ± 18 | 26 ± 19 | 29 ± 19 | 14 ± 12 | 0.2028 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 3.6 | 27.6 ± 5.4 | 27.6 ± 5.8 | 30.9 ± 7.8 | 27.1 ± 4.8 | 0.2408 |
Percent of clinical cluster group | ||||||
Severe / Non-severe asthma (N / N) | na | 11 / 14 | 25 / 7 | 16 / 1 | 8 / 0 | 0.0004 |
Male (%) | 61% | 36% | 34% | 29% | 25% | 0.9276 |
Atopic, Skin prick test or serum IgE-RAST (%) | 45% | 100% | 86% | 88% | 100% | 0.5816 |
Sputum Pauci (Eos < %3, PMN < 60%) (%)b | 76% | 42% | 25% | 25% | 0% | 0.0496 |
Sputum Neutr. (Eos < 3, PMN > =60%) (%)b | 24% | 33% | 6% | 63% | 25% | |
Sputum Mix (Eos > =3%, PMN > =60%) (%)b | 0% | 0% | 6% | 0% | 25% | |
Sputum Eos. (Eos > =3%, PMN < 60%) (%)b | 0% | 25% | 63% | 13% | 50% | |
FENO ≥ 35 ppb (%) | 18% | 24% | 59% | 12% | 50% | 0.0032 |
Blood eosinophils ≥ 300/ul (%) | 7% | 20% | 75% | 35% | 63% | 0.0003 |
FENO ≥ 35 ppb OR Blood eos. ≥ 300/ul (%) | 21% | 32% | 88% | 41% | 88% | 3.3 x10 −5 |