Table 1 Characteristics of the NWHAS population overall and by 24 h vehicle density in relation to COPD
COPD | No COPD | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
characteristics | Low N = 61 27.6 % | Med N = 67 30.3 % | High N = 93 42.1 % | Total N = 221 100 % | Low N = 791 27.5 % | Med N = 873 30.3 % | High N = 1,218 42.3 % | Total N = 2, 882 100 % | (3,103) |
Mean (SD) | |||||||||
Age (years)* | 68.2 (11.9) | 53.9 (15.3) | % | ||||||
BMI | 26.7 (4.9) | 27.0 (3.8) | 27.6 (5.8) | 27.2 (5.0) | 28.4 (5.6) | 28.2 (5.5) | 28.2 (5.5) | 28.2 (5.6) | 28.2 (5.5) |
Gender* | |||||||||
male female | 65.6 34.4 | 77.6 22.4 | 62.4 37.6 | 67.9 32.1 | 45.1 54.9 | 45.7 54.3 | 47.5 52.6 | 46.3 53.7 | 46.9 53.1 |
Age (category) | |||||||||
20–29 years | – | 1.5 | – | 0.5 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.5 |
30–39 years | 1.6 | 1.5 | – | 0.9 | 13.3 | 14.9 | 13.3 | 13.8 | 12.9 |
40–49 years | 8.2 | 7.5 | 4.3 | 6.3 | 24.2 | 22.2 | 21.8 | 22.6 | 21.4 |
50–59 years | 16.4 | 10.5 | 18.3 | 15.4 | 24.8 | 22.0 | 24.3 | 23.7 | 23.1 |
60–69 years | 29.5 | 31.4 | 21.5 | 26.7 | 16.7 | 19.1 | 16.8 | 15.5 | 18.1 |
70 years and over | 44.3 | 47.8 | 55.9 | 50.2 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 17.7 | 20.0 |
Current smoking* | 27.9 | 18.0 | 23.7 | 23.1 | 18.0 | 16.1 | 17.3 | 17.0 | 17.6 |
Ever smoked* | 49.2 | 65.7 | 52.7 | 55.7 | 32.2 | 36.5 | 33.0 | 33.9 | 32.6 |
Education level* | |||||||||
Left school at ≤15 | 35.0 | 29.9 | 35.6 | 33.6 | 19.2 | 20.9 | 21.0 | 20.5 | 21.5 |
After 15 | 25.0 | 16.4 | 21.7 | 21.7 | 31.7 | 28.6 | 27.2 | 28.9 | 28.4 |
Trade/apprentice | 15.0 | 22.4 | 21.1 | 19.8 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.2 |
Certificate/Diploma | 21.7 | 28.4 | 14.4 | 20.7 | 22.4 | 22.0 | 24.0 | 23.0 | 22.8 |
Bachelor degree | 3.3 | 3.0 | 5.6 | 4.2 | 11.9 | 13.6 | 15.5 | 14.0 | 13.3 |
Household Income* | |||||||||
≤ $20, 000 | 29.6 | 43.8 | 41.4 | 39.0 | 25.0 | 25.8 | 27.0 | 26.1 | 27.0 |
> $20, 000 − 40, 000 | 51.9 | 32.8 | 39.1 | 40.5 | 25.8 | 24.1 | 25.3 | 25.1 | 26.1 |
> $40, 000 − 60, 000 | 7.4 | 14.1 | 12.6 | 11.7 | 20.7 | 21.2 | 20.8 | 20.9 | 20.3 |
> $60, 000 | 11.1 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 8.8 | 28.5 | 28.9 | 26.9 | 27.9 | 26.6 |
SEIFA IRSD quintiles | |||||||||
Lowest-low quintile combined | 27.5 | 27.5 | 45.0 | 59.6 | 28.0 | 28.1 | 44.0 | 58.2 | 58.3 |
Middle quintile | 23.1 | 33.3 | 43.6 | 17.7 | 19.0 | 31.8 | 49.2 | 16.6 | 16.7 |
High and highest quintile combined | 32.0 | 34.0 | 34.0 | 22.7 | 31.7 | 34.7 | 33.6 | 25.2 | 25.0 |
Proximity to major road | |||||||||
> 300 m | 77.1 | 84.6 | 35.5 | 61.5 | 79.0 | 77.7 | 25.1 | 55.8 | 55.7 |
150–300 m | 23.0 | 16.4 | 18.3 | 19.0 | 21.0 | 21.9 | 21.7 | 21.6 | 21.6 |
< 150 m | 0 | 0 | 46.2 | 19.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 53.2 | 22.6 | 22.7 |