Fig. 4

Inflammatory changes in the Lung and Alveolar Compartment Post-LPS. Male and female mice were maintained on a HFD or LFD for 3 months and then challenged with LPS intratracheally. Mice were evaluated at 24–48 h post-LPS. a Mean weight of male and female HFD and LFD mice at 3 months. b Mean weight (as a percentage of pre-LPS weight) at 24 h (D1) and 48 h (D2) post-LPS. The HFD group had reduced weight loss compared to LFD at both time-points. c, d Broncho-alveolar lavage macrophage (Macs) and neutrophil (PMNs) cell counts 24 h post-LPS instillation by gender. HFD male and female mice had reduced neutrophil recruitment into the alveolar space and similar numbers of macrophages compared to their respective LFD controls. e Representative histology of the lungs stained with hematoxylin and eosin from 2 LFD (left 2 panels) and 2 HFD (right 2 panels) mice 24 h post-LPS. Shown are the most severe areas of inflammation. f-i Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and digested lung (LH) were analyzed by FACS for leukocyte distribution and counts at 24 h post-LPS. Boxplots show median with whiskers representing min-max values. f, g PMNs were reduced in the BAL compartment but significantly increased in the lung compartment from HFD mice. h The ratio of BAL/LH neutrophils was significantly reduced in LPS-treated HFD mice. i F4/80 + Gr1+ myeloid cells were significantly increased in the lung compartment of LPS-treated mice vs. naïve mice, with greater recruitment in LPS-treated HFD mice *p value < 0.05; mean ± SEM (n = 5 mice/group; experimental replicates 2–4)