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Table 1 Subject Demographics, Salivary Biomarker & Symptom Profiles

From: Measurement of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and neutrophil elastase in saliva of COPD patients and healthy controls: correlation to self-reported wellbeing parameters

 

Control Subjects (n = 45)

Stable COPD Subjects (n = 62)

P value

NS

S

 

I

II

III

IV

(n = 20)

(n = 25)

(n = 62)

(n = 12)

(n = 19)

(n = 25)

(n = 6)

Demographics

        

Age, a years

53 ± 17

42 ± 12

67 ± 7

65 ± 10

64 ± 8

68 ± 5

72 ± 4

<0.001

Gender, male (female)

7 (13)

17 (8)

34 (28)

4 (8)

12 (7)

13 (12)

5 (1)

n/a

FEV1, a % predicted

98.1 ± 3.7

99.7 ± 4.7

55.7 ± 22.0

90.4 ± 9.2

64.4 ± 7.6

44.1 ± 3.7

25.1 ± 4.2

<0.001

BMI, a (kg/m2)

29.8 ± 3.6

25.4 ± 3.3

27.3 ± 7.8

28.0 ± 7.0

28.6 ± 2.6

27.3 ± 1.9

19.8 ± 3.6

<0.379

Co Morbidities

        

Nil

15

20

27

9

10

5

3

n/a

Gum Disease

2

0

1

0

0

1

0

n/a

Cardiac

3

3

31

2

7

19

3

n/a

Type 2 Diabetes

1

2

10

1

2

7

0

n/a

Treatment

        

B2 Agonists (Short Acting)

   

9

19

25

6

 

B2 Agonists (Long Acting)

   

8

16

25

6

 

Anticholinergic (Short Acting)

   

1

2

3

0

 

Anticholinergic (Long Acting)

   

3

8

18

5

 

Inhaled Steroid

   

8

17

25

6

 

Oral Theophyllines

   

0

1

7

2

 

Symptom & Sputum Metricsb

       

MRC Score

1.00, 0.25

1.00, 0.25

4.00, 1.67

3.00, 2.25

4.00, 1.50

5.00, 1.00

5.00, 0.00

<0.001

Breathing Score

2.00, 1.00

2.00, 0.25

3.00, 0.00

3.00, 1.00

3.00, 0.00

3.00, 0.00

3.00, 0.75

<0.001

ADL Score

1.00, 0.00

1.00, 0.00

3.00, 2.00

1.00, 2.00

3.00, 2.00

4.00, 2.33

3.00, 1.50

<0.001

Sputum Amount

1.00, 0.00

1.00, 1.00

2.00, 2.00

1.50, 1.00

2.00, 1.84

3.00, 1.00

2.50, 2.50

<0.001

Sputum Texture

1.00, 1.00

2.00, 0.00

2.00, 0.00

2.00, 0.50

2.00, 0.00

2.00, 0.00

2.00, 0.00

<0.001

Sputum Colour

3.00, 0.00

3.00, 0.00

3.00, 1.00

3.00, 0.75

3.00, 0.83

3.00, 1.00

3.50, 1.00

<0.001

Salivary Biomarkers, b

       

CRP, ng/ml

0.89, 0.35

1.70, 1.07

1.66, 2.30

1.62, 1.36

2.44, 2.63

1.45, 2.34

2.34, 5.94

<0.002

PCT, ng/ml

0.09, 0.03

0.13, 0.09

0.09, 0.04

0.10, 0.06

0.09, 0.04

0.09, 0.04

0.11, 0.03

<0.012

NE, ng/ml

152, 96

408, 748

189, 508

227, 104

161, 491

189, 687

163, 181

<0.001

  1. I = GOLD stage I, II = GOLD stage II; III = GOLD stage III, IV = GOLD stage IV; ADL = Activity of Daily Living, COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; NS = healthy non-smoker; S = healthy smoker; FEV1 = Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s; BMI = Body Mass Index; ex = ex-smokers; CRP = C-Reactive Protein; PCT = Procalcitonin; NE = Neutrophil Elastase. Data are presented as: a, Mean ± standard deviation; b, Median, inter-quartile range. Exacerbation frequency is divided into 3 groups: Group 1 = 1–3, Group 2 = 4–6, Group 3 = >6. P values represent the difference between controls and stable COPD subjects. No significant difference was found across COPD severity defined by GOLD for: Age, BMI, CRP, PCT, NE, Breathing Score, Sputum Texture and Sputum Colour: (p < 0.379; p < 0.403; p < 0.559; p < 0.946; p < 0.620; p < 0.127; p < 0.228; p < 0.824). FEV1 significantly decreased as COPD severity increased (p < 0.001), whilst MRC, ADL and Sputum Amount significantly increased: (p < 0.001; p < 0.002; p < 0.011 respectively)
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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