Table 6 Single variable factors associated with COPD prevalence across four sites in Peru (n = 2957)

Age (per 10 years)

1.93

1.71–2.17

<0.001

Male vs. Female Sex

2.35

1.61–3.42

<0.001

Height (cm)

1.01

0.99–1.02

0.27

High Altitude vs. sea-level

1.61

0.92–2.82

0.10

≥10 pack-years of smoking

2.51

1.65–3.80

<0.001

Urbanization

 Urban

1.00

 Semi-Urban

0.58

0.57–0.58

<0.001

 Rural

1.57

1.56–1.59

<0.001

Post-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis

4.27

3.09–5.88

<0.001

Asthma

2.49

1.59–3.88

<0.001

Biomass use at least once daily

1.68

1.25–2.25

0.001

Wealth Index

 Low

1.00

 Middle

0.81

0.50–1.30

0.38

 High

0.53

0.33–0.87

0.01