Roflumilast improves corticosteroid resistance COPD bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with toll like receptor 3 agonist

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients

	Non-smokers (n = 15)	Smokers (n = 12)	Smokers with COPD (n = 15)
Sex (Female/Male)	7/8	3/9	3/12
Age (years)	60 [50–72]	60 [47–68]	55 [49–60]
Tobacco consumption, pack-year	0	40 [20–56]*	55 [34–83]*
FEV1, % predicted	92 [76–96]	87 [83–97]	73 [53–79]^‡
FVC, % predicted	97 [72–107]	90 [86–99]	96 [84–114]
FEV1/FVC	78 [75–84]	80 [77–83]	61 [55–67]^‡
PaO₂, mmHg	94 [89–99]	85 [81–90]^†	80 [78–83]^‡
PaCO₂ mmHg	41 [34–47]	44 [37–48]	47 [42–54]^†

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC: forced vital capacity; Pack-yr = 1 year smoking 20 cigarettes-day; PaO₂: oxygen tension in arterial blood; PaCO₂: carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood; Data are the median [interquartile range]. * P < 0.05 compared with nonsmokers. ^†P < 0.05 compared with nonsmokers and smokers without COPD. ‡ P < 0.05 compared with nonsmokers and smokers without COPD.

ISSN: 1465-993X