Imbalance of dendritic cell co-stimulation in COPD

Respiratory Research

Table 2 Blood parameters

	Never-smoker (N)	Smoker (S)	COPD (C)	S vs. N	C vs. N	C vs. S
	n = 21	n = 21	n = 54	p-value	p-value	p-value
Systemic inflammation (yes/no)	1/20	9/12	27/27	<0.01	<0.001	0.530
Leukocytes (10⁹/l blood)	6.1 [4.0-9.1]	8.7 [4.4-13.7]	8.4 [4.1-13.9]	<0.01	<0.001	0.567
CRP (mg/l blood)	1.0 [1.0-8.2]	3.7 [1.0-14.8]	3.5 [1.0-24.3]	<0.001	<0.001	0.552
Fibrinogen (g/l blood)	3.0 [2.4-4.8]	3.6 [2.5-5.4]	4.2 [2.2-6.4]	<0.05	<0.001	0.153
Interleukin-6 (pg/ml blood)	2.17 [1.50-5.62]	2.42 [1.50-6.94]	4.19 [1.5-14.4]	0.362	<0.001	<0.01
25-OH-Vitamin-D (nmol/l)	54 [24–112]	62 [27–108]	45 [13–115]	0.443	0.294	0.059

Parameters are displayed as median values [minimum…maximum]. Abbreviations denote: C-reactive protein (CRP). Presence of systemic inflammation was defined according to the proposal by Agusti and colleagues [15]. The columns on the right side of the table show comparisons between the groups: Asymptomatic Smokers (S), Never-smokers (N), patients with COPD (C).

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