Figure 5

Signaling pathways involved in CSE-induced IL-17 A/F expression from human lung explants. The explants were incubated with the p38 MAPK inhibitor BIRB796 (0.1 μM), the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD184352 (2 μM), the NF-κB inhibitor helenalin (1 μM), and the PI3K inhibitor PI103 (5 μM) for 1 h at 37°C prior to the exposures. The explants from Non-COPD subjects were cultured with 5% of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 3 h. All results were compared to the corresponding vehicle control DMSO. The results are presented as means ± SEM. N = 7 subjects. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01.