Autocrine regulation of asthmatic airway inflammation: role of airway smooth muscle

Respiratory Research

Table 4 Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell-derived growth factors, their target cells and effects

Growth factor	Target	Effect	Reference
FGF-2	ASM	Proliferation↑	[38,39]
	ECM	Collagenase↑
	Fibroblast	Proliferation↑
PDGF	ASM	Proliferation↑, IL-6 secretion↑	[38,47,48,72]
	Fibroblast	Recruitment and proliferation↑
	Epithelial cell	Proliferation↑
IGF-2	Fibroblast	Collagen↑	[38,49]
	ASM	Proliferation↑
TGF-β₁	ASM	Proliferation, hypertrophy↑	[21,38,43,44,48]
		IL-11, IL-6, LIF secretion↑
		β-Adrenergic receptor expression↓
	Monocyte	Recruitment, NO production↓
	Neutrophil	Recruitment
	Fibroblast	Recruitment, proliferation, collagen↑, fibronectin↑
	T cells	Recruitment
	Endothelial cell	E-Selectin↓
	Eosinophil	Survival↓, degranulation↓
VEGF	Endothelial cell	Proliferation↑, migration, tube formation	[50]

↑, Increase; ↓, decrease; ECM, extracellular matrix; FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor-2; IGF-2, insulin-like growth factor-2; IL, interleukin; LIF, leukaemia inhibitory factor; NO, nitric oxide; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β ; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

ISSN: 1465-993X