Skip to main content
Figure 2 | Respiratory Research

Figure 2

From: Activation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 in airway smooth muscle: a potential pathway that modulates bronchial hyper-responsiveness in asthma?

Figure 2

Potential intracellular mechanisms involved in the modulation of ASM hyper-responsiveness induced by TNF-α via TNFR1. Activation of TNFR1 coupled to the TRAF2-NF-κB pathway induces a delayed effect, in which long-term pretreatment with TNF-α enhances G-protein-coupled signal transduction, leading to increased calcium signals to contractile agonists. Activation of TNFR1 may also be involved in a rapid effect, in which short-term pretreatment with TNF-α enhances the calcium sensitization of intracellular contractile elements [20,21]. IP3, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate; PLC, phospholipase C.

Back to article page

Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

Contact us