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Table 3 Plethysmography at d13: Dex-treated animals showed an increased respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume, and minute ventilation compared to saline controls. Retinoic acid treatment alone did not alter RR but, when given with Dex, resulted in decreased RR similar to that of controls. Values are expressed mean ± SE. *p < 0.05 vs. saline; †p = 0.3 vs. Dex; ‡p = 0.5 vs. Dex; §p = 0.9 vs. Dex. bpm: breaths per minute

From: Hormonal regulation of alveolarization: structure-function correlation

Treatment Group

Respiratory Rate (bpm)

Tidal Volume (ml/kg)

Minute Ventilation (ml/kg)

Control (n = 8)

171 ± 20

5.2 ± 0.9

861 ± 145

Saline (n = 9)

180 ± 5.0

4.8 ± 0.8

890 ± 163

Cottonseed oil (CSO) (n = 14)

179 ± 12

6.5 ± 0.7

935 ± 109

Retinoic acid (RA) (n = 15)

180 ± 6.0

5.2 ± 0.7

810 ± 103

Dexamethasone (Dex) (n = 16)

211 ± 11*

8.1 ± 0.8*

2260 ± 150*

Dex + RA (n = 14)

195 ± 9.0†

8.7 ± 1.0‡

2131 ± 186§