Table 2 Risk of dying in relation to primary cause of death. Cox regression, Hazard Risk ratio* and 95 % confidence interval.

Age (10 years)

1.49 (1.17–1.90)

1.45 (1.07–1.97)

2.62 (1.35–5.10)

Women

0.67 (0.44–1.03)

0.70 (0.41–1.21)

0.89 (0.32–2.48)

Current smoking

1.47 (0.91–2.38)

1.73 (0.97–3.10)

0.93 (0.18–4.86)

FEV₁ (per 10% pred. change)

0.83 (0.71–0.96)

0.76 (0.62–0.92)

0.87 (0.61–1.25)

≥ 2 previous hospitalizations

1.22 (0.79–1.90)

1.33 (0.77–2.30)

1.35 (0.43–4.22)

SGRQ score (4 units)

Symptoms**

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

1.03 (0.96–1.10)

1.06 (0.95–1.17)

Activity**

1.03 (0.98–1.08)

0.99 (0.93–1.04)

1.12 (0.98–1.28)

Impact**

1.06 (1.01–1.11)

1.07 (1.00–1.14)

1.09 (0.97–1.22)

Total score

1.07 (1.01–1.14)

1.05 (0.97–1.14)

1.14 (0.99–1.32)

Co-morbidities

Diabetes

2.25 (1.28–3.95)

2.42 (1.18–4.96)

3.82 (1.15–12.8)

Cardio-vascular disease

1.43 (0.92–2.23)

1.52 (0.87–2.65)

1.96 (0.65–5.92)

COPD severity according to the GOLD classification (12)***

GOLD stage I-II

1

1

1

GOLD stage III

1.18 (0.63–2.20)

1.09 (0.46–2.57)

0.69 (0.16–2.88)

GOLD stage IV

1.81 (1.02–3.24)

2.40 (1.13–5.12)

1.05 (0.27–4.06)