Figure 4

Cytokine levels in the BAL fluid of mice exposed to RSV and/or Ova. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was isolated 5 hr post-infection with RSV (A) or on protocol day 69 (B). A. Elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-2 were observed as early as 5 hrs post-infection, although significance over SAL controls was observed only for TNF-α. IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 were below the limit of detection in the SAL mice. B. IL-13 was significantly elevated in RSS mice; while TNF-α, IL-5, and IL-13 were significantly enhanced in mice exposed to RSV and Ova (ROO). IL-13 was below the limit of detection in control animals (SAL). Data are expressed as means ± SEM, n = 3/group. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, and *p < 0.05.