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Table 3 Linear mixed effect models: blood cells, IL-8 and TNF-α

From: Acute effects of cigarette smoking on inflammation in healthy intermittent smokers

Independent variable

Time interval

B

95% CI

P value

Log (leucocytes, 109/L)

0–12 hours

0.00

-0.01–0.01

0.44

Log (neutrophils, 109/L)

0–12 hours

0.00

-0.01–0.02

0.58

Log (monocytes, 109/L)

0–1 hour

0.04

-0.10–0.19

0.55

Log (eosinophils, 109/L)

0– 3 hours

-0.11

-0.18 – -0.03

0.01

Log (lymphocytes, 109/L)

0–12 hours

-0.00

-0.01–0.01

0.65

Log (IL-8, pg/ml)*

0–3 hours

0.09

0.04–0.14

0.001

Log (TNF-α, pg/ml)**

0–3 hours

0.02

-0.08–0.12

0.75

  1. The time intervals of the above parameters were selected based on visual inspection of the plots. The slopes of the parameters were estimated using linear mixed effect models [11] by including the variables time (hours), smoking (yes or no) and their interaction. B: regression coefficient for the variable time (for further information see the method section). * Release from whole blood cells after lipopolysacharide (LPS) stimulation. ** Spontaneous release from whole blood cells IL: interleukin, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α