Figure 6From: Marked alveolar apoptosis/proliferation imbalance in end-stage emphysemaTGF-β1 expression in smoking-related vs AAT-deficiency emphysema: the graphic shows the different cytokine expression in both types of emphysema. A significantly higher TGF-β1 expression was found in smoking-related emphysema versus AAT-deficiency emphysema (mean value 8.8 ± 1.7 vs 5.2 ± 3.9, p ≤ 0.05).Back to article page