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Table 4 Association of ERAs and asthma

From: How air pollution influences clinical management of respiratory diseases. A case-crossover study in Milan

(A)

lag 0

lag 1

lag 2

lag 3

lag 4

lag 5

lag 0-2

↑ 3 of 5 days

 SO 2 (5 μg/m3)

0.975 (0.904-1.052)

0.976 (0.906-1.053)

1.059 (0.986-1.137)

1.041 (0.970-1.117)

1.050 (0.980-1.125)

1.021 (0.952-1.094)

1.008 (0.919-1.106)

0.970 (0.852-1.104)

 CO (1 mg/m3)

1.032 (0.938-1.134)

1.030 (0.938-1.132)

1.003 (0.912-1.104)

1.041 (0.945-1.147)

1.114 (1.011-1.226)

1.142 (1.037-1.257)

1.031 (0.921-1.154)

1.063 (0.932-1.211)

 NO 2 (10 μg/m3)

0.968 (0.954-0.981)

0.972 (0.958-0.986)

0.997 (0.983-1.011)

1.013 (0.999-1.027)

1.034 (1.021-1.048)

1.023 (1.009-1.037)

0.967 (0.951-0.985)

0.980 (0.896-1.071)

 O 3 (10 μg/m3)

1.010 (0.991-1.029)

1.052 (1.029-1.076)

1.052 (1.033-1.072)

1.061 (1.043-1.078)

1.044 (1.028-1.060)

1.039 (1.024-1.055)

1.068 (1.040-1.097)

1.781 (1.584-2.002)

 PM 10 (10 μg/m3)

0.998 (0.981-1.016)

1.005 (0.987-1.024)

1.014 (0.996-1.033)

1.020 (1.002-1.038)

1.015 (0.997-1.032)

1.014 (0.996-1.031)

1.009 (0.987-1.031)

1.044 (0.919-1.186)

 PM2.5 (10 μg/m3)

0.993 (0.973-1.014)

0.991 (0.970-1.011)

1.000 (0.980-1.021)

1.003 (0.983-1.023)

1.001 (0.981-1.021)

1.011 (0.991-1.031)

0.992 (0.967-1.017)

1.076 (0.954-1.213)

 C 6 H 6 (2.6 mg/m3)

0.941 (0.873-1.014)

0.920 (0.854-0.992)

0.949 (0.881-1.023)

0.980 (0.910-1.056)

1.034 (0.957-1.117)

1.025 (0.949-1.108)

0.905 (0.825-0.992)

0.955 (0.835-1.093))

 C 7 H 8 (7.96 mg/m3)

0.947 (0.891-1.006)

0.947 (0.890-1.006)

0.965 (0.908-1.026)

0.981 (0.923-1.044)

1.036 (0.974-1.102)

1.023 (0.961-1.090)

0.924 (0.855 (0.999

1.044 (0.912-1.196)

 C 8 H 10 (4.24 mg/m3)

0.926 (0.878 (0.977)

0.934 (0.886 (0.986)

0.953 (0.902-1.005)

0.983 (0.932-1.037)

1.016 (0.964-1.071)

1.001 (0.950-1.055)

0.894 (0.833 (0.959

0.942 (0.850-1.043)

(B)

Age group

Gender

Race

Season

 

≤16

≥65

Males

Females

Caucasian

Others

Warm

Cold

 SO 2 (5 μg/m3)

0.975 (0.850-1.117)

1.099 (0.846-1.428)

0.901 (0.792-1.025)

1.135 (0.993-1.297)

1.020 (0.917-1.133)

0.964 (0.795-1.170)

0.986 (0.815-1.194)

1.028 (0.923-1.144)

 CO (1 mg/m3)

1.059 (0.901-1.243)

1.472 (1.048- 2.067)

1.082 (0.921-1.271)

0.985 (0.841-1.155)

1.127 (0.993-1.278)

0.724 (0.559- 0.937)

1.179 (0.869-1.599)

1.011 (0.890-1.148)

 NO 2 (10 μg/m3)

1.001 (0.975-1.027)

1.008 (0.957-1.063)

0.980 (0.957-1.004)

0.954 (0.930 -0.978)

0.993 (0.973-1.014)

0.910 (0.881-0.940)

0.943 (0.918-0.970)

0.993 (0.970-1.016)

 O 3 (10 μg/m3)

1.021 (0.977-1.067)

1.034 (0.944-1.133)

1.062 (1.024-1.100)

1.077 (1.034-1.121)

1.022 (0.989-1.056)

1.162 (1.110-1.217)

1.104 (1.068-1.142)

1.005 (0.959-1.053)

 PM 10 (10 μg/m3)

0.996 (0.964-1.029)

1.030 (0.964-1.101)

0.999 (0.969-1.031)

1.019 (0.988-1.051)

1.027 (1.003-1.053)

0.933 (0.887-0.983)

0.959 (0.893-1.030)

1.009 (0.985-1.033)

 PM2.5 (10 μg/m3)

0.983 (0.948-1.020)

1.033 (0.956-1.117)

0.983 (0.949-1.018)

1.002 (0.967-1.038)

1.021 (0.993-1.050)

0.882 (0.833-0.935)

0.846 (0.783- 0.913)

1.006 (0.979-1.033)

 C 6 H 6 (2.6 mg/m3)

0.948 (0.831-1.081)

1.098 (0.832-1.447)

0.931 (0.816-1.061)

0.884 (0.775-1.007)

1.035 (0.936-1.145)

0.504 (0.401-0.633)

0.462 (0.344- 0.619)

1.005 (0.911-1.108)

 C 7 H 8 (7.96 mg/m3)

0.975 (0.870-1.092)

1.241 (0.994-1.549)

0.952 (0.854-1.062)

0.897 (0.802-1.004)

0.976 (0.894-1.066)

0.777 (0.654-0.925)

0.813 (0.679- 0.973)

0.979 (0.895-1.071)

 C 8 H 10 (4.24 mg/m3)

0.973 (0.881-1.074)

1.128 (0.914-1.393)

0.904 (0.818- 0.998)

0.885 (0.801- 0.978)

0.982 (0.909-1.061)

0.618 (0.523-0.731)

0.591 (0.491-0.712)

0.982 (0.907-1.062)

  1. KEY: Results are expressed as Odds Ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with (A) various pollutants at various lags and (B) in various subgroups at lag 0–2 from conditional logistic regression analysis including terms for daily weather variables (1-day lag for temperature, humidity and temperature squared). Models for asthma included terms for total pollen levels as tertiles.
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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