Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor expression in non-cancerous bronchial epithelia is associated with lung cancer: a case-control study

Table 1 Characteristics of Lung Cancer Cases and Controls

Characteristic	Lung Cancer Cases (N = 224)		Cancer-free Controls (N = 107)		P
Age, y
Median (Range)	68 (40-85)		52 (31-83)		< 0.001^†
Sex, N %
Male	105	46.9%	60	56.1%	0.12^‡
Female	119	53.1%	47	43.9%
Ethnicity, N %
Caucasian	212	95.5%	101	94.4%	0.70^§
African-American	9	4.1%	5	4.7%
Other	1	0.5%	1	0.9%
Smoking Status, N %
Never smoker	19	8.5%	33	30.8%	< 0.001^‡
Ex-smoker	111	49.6%	57	53.3%
Active smoker	87	38.8%	14	13.1%
Unknown	7	3.1%	3	2.8%
Pack-Years
Median (Range)	50 (0-150)		25 (0-156)		< 0.001^†
Unknown	0-150		0-156
Lung Function, N %
Normal	89	39.7%	36	33.6%	< 0.001^§
Mild Obstruction	14	6.3%	5	4.7%
Moderate Obstruction	52	23.2%	16	15.0%
Severe Obstruction	37	16.5%	46	43.0%
Unknown	32	14.3%	4	3.7
Tumor Type, N %
Adenocarcinoma	112	50.0%	-
Squamous cell carcinoma	60	26.8%	-
Other NSCLC	27	12.1%	-
Small cell lung cancer	10	4.5%	-
Other/unknown	15	6.7%	-
Stage, N %
TIS-I	99	44.2%	-
II	38	17.0%	-
III	49	21.9%	-
IV	16	7.1%	-
Not Staged	22	9.8%	-
Follow-up, N %
Alive	78	34.8%	-
Dead	142	63.4%	-
Median survival, months^#	35.8		-
(95% CI)	(31.7-40.5)		-

ISSN: 1465-993X