Figure 4

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) immunohistochemistry of lung tissues patients. (A) Tissues from high TLR4 expressers without emphysema. Arrows indicate high TLR4 expressions in bronchial epithelium. (B) Tissues from low TLR4 expressers with emphysema. Immunohistochemical staining shows that bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells exhibited major differences in TLR4 expression (×200). An experienced pathologist (J.H.P.), who was blinded to the patient information, read the IHC findings. TLR4 expression was graded from 0 to 3 (0, no or very faint staining; 1, positive staining; 2, strong positive staining; 3, very strong positive staining).