Figure 2
From: Cleaved cytokeratin-18 is a mechanistically informative biomarker in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
cCK-18 is formed following activation of the UPR. A. Immunoblots for phospho-IRE1 (p-IRE1), total IRE1 (IRE1), and cleaved cytokeratin 18 (cCK-18) showing time-dependent increase of cCK-18 in A549 cells exposed to 0.5 μM of thapsigargin (TG, +) for various lengths of time. Immunoblots showing an increase in total and phospho-IRE1 confirm thapsigargin activates the UPR in A549 cells compared to vehicle controls (−). B. Immunoblots for cCK-18 showing time-dependent appearance of cCK-18 in annexin V– or V+ A549 cells exposed to 0.5 μM of thapsigargin for various lengths of time.