Figure 2

Promising cellular and molecular target candidates for inhibiting memory Th2 cells in allergic asthma are grouped according to the subchapters of the text. Targets in the inner circle (dash line) were tested in clinical trials, whereas other targets are still in pre-clinical stages. Treatment targets are divided into the following categories: Red colour indicates target inhibition; Blue colour indicates target activation; and Green colour indicates targets that can be inhibited or activated to inhibit Th2 cells. For details, please refer to the text. Abbreviations: DC - dendritic cell; FasL - Fas ligand; IL - interleukin; IL-25R - interleukin 25 receptor; IL-33R - interleukin 33 receptor; miRNA - microRNA; Mφ - macrophage; PDE - phosphodiesterase; STAT - Signal transducer and activator of transcription; Th1 - helper T cell type 1; Th2 - helper T cell type 2; TLR - Toll like receptor; Treg - regulatory T cell; TSLP - thymic stromal lymphopoietin.