Table 3 Vitamin supplementation and COPD outcome measured.

[18]

Supplementation E and C. 10 of 21 COPD patients were given vitamin E (200 UI/day) and vitamin C (500 mg/day) for 1 month.

21 COPD and 10 controls.

The exercise time increased significantly in the 10 COPD patients who were treated (exercise time 6.4+1.8 vs 8.7+2.1 min, p = 0.01). (Bruce protocol-graded treadmill exercise test).

[36]

Supplementation alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/d) and beta-carotene (20 mg/d) supplementation, for 5-8 years.

29.133 people (Cancer prevention study)

The supplementation did not affected the reccurence or incidence of chronic cough, phlegm or dyspnea. Relative risk for the above mentioned symptoms arround 1 with or without supplementation.

[111]

Vit E supplementation. 400 IU daily for 12 weeks.

30 COPD patients

Spirometric measurements. Changed not significant either on day 1 or after 12 weeks of vitamin E supplementation.

[112]

Vit E supplementation Patients were divided into two groups: group A- placebo group (n = 14), receiving only standard therapy, and group B- vitamin E-supplemented group (n = 10), receiving 400 IU of vitamin E capsules twice daily in addition to standard therapy, for 8 weeks.

24 COPD patients.

There was a similar degree of lung function and clinical improvement in both groups.

[113]

Vit C and E. Patients were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 8), 400 mg/day vitamin E (E400, n = 9), 200 mg/day vitamin E (E200, n = 9), or 250 mg/day vitamin C (C250, n = 9) for 12 weeks.

35 COPD patients

No improvement in lung function after 12 weeks of supplementation.

[114]

Vit A supplementation for 30 days. (healthy nonsmokers (n = 7), healthy smokers (n = 7), mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-mild) patients (n = 9), COPD-moderate-severe patients (n = 7), and COPD-moderate-severe patients with exacerbation (+ex;n = 6)

36 people-21 COPD n = 6).

Improvement in lung function mean increase for 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1) = 22.9% in the COPD-vitamin A group.

[115]

Supplementation 600 mg vitamin E, 250 mg vitamin C, and 20 mg β-carotene daily 5-year treatment period. All participants randomly allocated to receive vitamin supplementation or placebo.

20 536 UK adults (aged 40-80) with coronary disease, other occlusive arterial disease, or diabetes

No significant differences were observed between the treatment groups in forced expiratory volume during one second (FEV₁: 2·06 L vitamin-allocated vs 2·06 L placebo-allocated; difference 0·00 L [SE 0·01]) or in forced vital capacity (FVC: 2·83 L vs 2·82 L; difference 0·01 L [SE 0·01]). Nor were significant differences observed in the numbers of participants hospitalised for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma (149 [1·5%] vs 133 [1·3%]) or for any other non-neoplastic respiratory cause (641 [6·2%] vs 642 [6·3%]).

.