Figure 1

A-B, Muscarinic receptor stimulation augments cytokine secretion induced by CSE, PDGF-AB and TNF-α, but not by IL-1β. hASMc were stimulated with CSE (5%, n = 22 and n = 6 for IL-8 and IL-6, respectively), TNF-α (1 ng/mL, n = 17 and n = 5 for IL-8 and IL-6, respectively), IL-1β (1 ng/mL, n = 17 and n = 6 for IL-8 and IL-6, respectively) or PDGF-AB (30 ng/mL, n = 6 for IL-8), in the absence or presence of MCh (10 μM) for 24 hours. Supernatants were analyzed for the presence of IL-8 (A) or IL-6 (B). Data shown are the means ± SE of n independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared to basal; ^†p < 0.05 and ^††p < 0.01 compared to the absence of MCh (Student's t-test for paired observations).