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Table 5 Soy consumption and respiratory symptoms

From: Soy consumption and risk of COPD and respiratory symptoms: a case-control study in Japan

Respiratory symptom

Total soy foods

mean g/day (SD)

OR *

95% CI

p value

Cough

   

0.051

   No

55.26 (45.28)

1

  

   Yes

43.95 (24.61)

0.991

(0.983, 1.000)

 

Sputum

   

0.417

   No

53.34 (46.19)

1

  

   Yes

53.20 (33.88)

1.002

(0.997, 1.007)

 

Breathlessness

   

0.002

   No

58.94 (48.38)

1

  

   Yes

43.20 (26.97)

0.989

(0.982, 0.996)

 
  1. * Adjusted odds ratios from logistic regression models including age, gender, BMI (5 years ago), education level (high school or below; college or university), alcohol drinking (non drinker; drinker), cigarette smoking (never smoker; ex-smoker; current smoker), smoking pack-years, life-long physical activity involvement (never to not any more involved; always been involved), daily intake of red meat, chicken, fish, vegetables and fruits.