Table 2 Analyses of ultrasound and CT scan measurements according to cases and controls

N (%)

15 (23)

8 (12)

7 (9)

28 (43)

13 (20)

Ultrasound

 Amplitude during QB (cm)

0.90 [0.15; 1.43]

0.30 [-0.03; 0.84]

1.35 [1.05; 1.73]

0.02

2.00 [1.72; 2.37]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.01

2.90 [2.60; 3.36]

0.005

 Amplitude during DB (cm)

1.75 [-0.30; 2.76]

-0.30 [-0.43; 1.85]

2.45 [1.85; 3.13]

0.04

5.69 [5.23; 5.93]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

5.28 [4.95; 5.62]

0.20

 Amplitude during VS (cm)

-0.04 [-1.17; 1.37]

-1.15 [-1.30; -0.90]

1.50 [1.33; 1.90]

0.003

2.37 [1.96; 3.07]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.004

3.30 [2.70; 3.56]

0.02

 Tee (mm)

1.67 ± 0.49

1.55 ± 0.41

1.81 ± 0.58

0.32

2.02 ± 0.44

0.02

0.01

0.30

1.72 ± 0.52

0.21

 Tei (mm)

1.80 ± 0.57

1.55 ± 0.42

2.09 ± 0.60

0.07

2.74 ± 0.59

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.01

2.51 ± 0.72

0.98

 Tei,max (mm)

1.96 ± 0.73

1.49 ± 0.40

2.50 ± 0.65

0.003

4.00 ± 0.78

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

3.94 ± 0.83

0.84

 TFmax (%)

17 ± 30

-3.5 ± 15

40 ± 24

0.001

100 ± 39

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

136 ± 41

0.07

CT scan

 Right dome higher, n (%)

14 (93)

7 (88)

7 (100)

1.0

19 (68)

0.13

0.52

0.21

 L1 crus thickness (mm)

3.6 [2.6; 8.8]

2.6 [1.5; 3.2]

9.4 [6.2; 12.1]

0.006

7.4 [4.7; 8.8]

0.13

 < 0.001

0.17

5.0 [3.0; 7.1]

0.09

 Celiac crus thickness (mm)

2.8 [2.2; 5.2]

2.2 [1.7; 2.6]

5.4 [4.2; 6.4]

0.008

3.8 [2.8; 2.6]

0.43

0.004

0.07

3.0 [2.5; 3.6]

0.39

 Height difference (cm)

7.70 [4.68; 8.42]

8.08 [7.42; 8.73]

4.91 [3.94; 6.84]

0.13

1.16 [0.52; 1.73]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Left dysfunction

N (%)

24 (37)

17 (26)

7 (11)

28 (43)

22 (34)

Ultrasound

 Amplitude during QB (cm)

0.00 [0.00; 0.85]

0.00 [0.00; 0.00]

1.20 [1.15; 1.30]

 < 0.001

2.05 [1.62; 2.67]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

3.00 [2.45; 3.40]

 < 0.001

 Amplitude during DB (cm)

-0.40 [-0.56; 1.85]

-0.51 [-0.65; -0.40]

2.30 [1.85; 2.55]

 < 0.001

5.62 [5.00; 6.56]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

5.40 [4.87; 6.21]

0.74

 Amplitude during VS (cm)

-1.00 [-1.30; 1.00]

-1.23 [-1.41; -0.99]

1.40 [1.05; 1.60]

 < 0.001

2.36 [1.98; 2.81]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

2.90 [2.40; 3.78]

0.14

 Tee (mm)

1.54 ± 0.35

1.48 ± 0.38

1.69 ± 0.24

0.19

1.91 ± 0.42

0.001

0.001

0.18

1.91 ± 0.36

0.34

 Tei (mm)

1.57 ± 0.45

1.39 ± 0.40

1.96 ± 0.29

0.003

2.51 ± 0.62

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.03

2.82 ± 0.73

0.66

 Tei,max (mm)

1.61 ± 0.58

1.35 ± 0.47

2.20 ± 0.29

 < 0.001

4.00 ± 0.85

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

4.02 ± 1.04

0.94

 TFmax (%)

5 ± 24

-6 ± 20

31 ± 7

 < 0.001

112 ± 37

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

111 ± 41

0.40

CT scan

 Left dome higher, n (%)

22 (92)

16 (94)

6 (86)

1.0

9 (32)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.03

 L1 crus thickness (mm)

2.0 [1.6; 2.7]

2.0 [1.6; 2.3]

3.5 [2.6; 4.3]

0.03

7.4 [4.6; 9.0]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.005

4.7 [4.0; 5.7]

0.01

 Celiac crus thickness (mm)

1.7 [1.4; 2.2]

1.8 [1.3; 2.2]

1.6 [1.6; 2.1]

0.80

3.1 [2.7; 3.8]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.001

3.4 [3.0; 4.2]

0.61

 Height difference (cm)

5.51 [2.77; 7.74]

6.70 [3.00; 8.00]

3.51 [1.85; 5.58]

0.09

1.16 [0.52; 1.73]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.02