Fig. 3

Mitochondrial function is required for the macrophage polarization of RAW264.7 cells. (A–C) Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs the macrophage polarization of RAW 264.7 cells. (A) Relative macrophage polarization related protein expression of M1 markers (iNOS and TNF-α) and M2 markers (CD206 and Arg-1) in cells without (control) or with pretreated with 10 µmol/L H₂O₂ or 10 µg/mL Oligo for 24 h (Western blotting). (B) Relative macrophage polarization related gene expression of M1 markers (iNOS and TNF-α) and M2 markers (CD206 and Arg-1). (C) The level of GSH/GSSG and the level of SOD were measured in RAW 264.7 cells. (D–F) Reversing mitochondrial dysfunction rescued the macrophage polarization of RAW 264.7 cells. The cells were incubated in medium with both LPS and IFN-γ for 24 h. (D) Relative macrophage polarization related protein expression of M1 marker (iNOS and TNF-α) and M2 marker (CD206 and Arg-1) in cells without (control) or with pretreated with 1 mmol/L NAC or 20 nmol/L Visomitin for 2 h (Western blotting). (E) Relative macrophage polarization related gene expression of M1 markers (iNOS and TNF-α) and M2 markers (CD206 and Arg-1). (F) The level of GSH/GSSG and the level of SOD were measured in RAW 264.7 cells pretreated with NAC or Visomitin after incubated in medium with both LPS and IFN-γ for 24 h. (G) Relative PRDX3 expression in RAW 264.7 cells pretreated with 10 µmol/L H₂O₂ or 10 µg/mL Oligo for 24 h. (H) Relative PRDX3 expression in RAW 264.7 cells pretreated with 20 nmol/L Visomitin for 2 h. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.05 vs the control group. Ns: not significance