Fig. 3
From: Alveolar macrophages from EVALI patients and e-cigarette users: a story of shifting phenotype
Markers of inflammation and airway leak are increased in EVALI subjects compared to e-cigarette and healthy controls. As above, BAL was precleared of cellular content and analyzed for markers of inflammation; (A) TNFα, (B) IL-6, (C) IL-8, (D) CCL2, (E) soluble ICAM and (F) RAGE by ELISA. Markers of airway leak were also detected; (G) C reactive protein (CRP), (H) serum amyloid A (SAA), and total protein (BCA; µg/mL). Statistical significance was determined using an ordinary One-Way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-test to determine between groups differences; *indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01, *** indicates p < 0.001, **** indicates p < 0.0001. Sample size is n = 7 for healthy controls, n = 13 for e-Cig controls and n = 10 for EVALI subjects