From: Eating habit of adding salt to foods and incident sleep apnea: a prospective cohort study
Subgroups | N | Salt added to food | P for interaction | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never/rarely | Sometimes | Usually | Always | ||||
Age | |||||||
< 60 | 277,282 | 1 (ref) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.1) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | 1.17 (1.03, 1.33) | 0.002 | |
≥ 60 | 210,914 | 1 (ref) | 1.24 (1.13, 1.35) | 1.35 (1.21, 1.51) | 1.33 (1.13, 1.57) | ||
Sex | |||||||
Females | 268,295 | 1 (ref) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.3) | 1.22 (1.03, 1.44) | 0.47 | |
Males | 219,901 | 1 (ref) | 1.15 (1.07, 1.23) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | 1.24 (1.09, 1.41) | ||
Race | |||||||
White | 460,225 | 1 (ref) | 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) | 1.17 (1.08, 1.26) | 1.29 (1.16, 1.43) | 0.01 | |
Non-white | 27,971 | 1 (ref) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.16) | 0.99 (0.76, 1.31) | 0.9 (0.66, 1.23) | ||
Townsend deprivation index | |||||||
< Median | 243,789 | 1 (ref) | 1.18 (1.07, 1.29) | 1.29 (1.15, 1.45) | 1.32 (1.1, 1.58) | 0.003 | |
≥ Median | 243,803 | 1 (ref) | 1.06 (0.99, 1.14) | 1.07 (0.97, 1.18) | 1.21 (1.07, 1.37) | ||
Physical activity | |||||||
Active | 247,350 | 1 (ref) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.25) | 1.1 (0.98, 1.25) | 1.29 (1.09, 1.52) | 0.30 | |
Insufficient | 133,972 | 1 (ref) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.19) | 1.21 (1.05, 1.38) | 1.17 (0.95, 1.44) | ||
Inactive | 75,333 | 1 (ref) | 1.1 (0.97, 1.24) | 1.13 (0.96, 1.31) | 1.38 (1.15, 1.65) | ||
Smoking status | |||||||
Never | 267,618 | 1 (ref) | 1.11 (1.02, 1.21) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.01, 1.42) | 0.08 | |
Ever | 167,709 | 1 (ref) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.18) | 1.21 (1.08, 1.35) | 1.36 (1.17, 1.59) | ||
Current | 51,036 | 1 (ref) | 1.21 (1.03, 1.41) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.26) | 1.23 (0.98, 1.53) | ||
Moderate drinking | |||||||
Yes | 256,789 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) | 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) | 1.25 (1.06, 1.46) | 0.26 | ||
No | 149,500 | 1 (ref) | 1.14 (1.03, 1.26) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.28) | 1.19 (1.01, 1.4) | ||
1 (ref) | |||||||
BMI | |||||||
< 25 | 162,199 | 1 (ref) | 1.25 (1.04, 1.51) | 1.38 (1.07, 1.77) | 1.28 (0.88, 1.84) | 0.84 | |
25.0–29.9 | 206,844 | 1 (ref) | 1.09 (0.98, 1.21) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) | 1.13 (0.93, 1.38) | ||
≥ 30.0 | 116,577 | 1 (ref) | 1.1 (1.02, 1.18) | 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) | 1.28 (1.13, 1.45) | ||
Hypertension | |||||||
Yes | 271,153 | 1 (ref) | 1.12 (1.04, 1.19) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.25) | 1.16 (1.03, 1.31) | 0.39 | |
No | 217,043 | 1 (ref) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.21) | 1.18 (1.02, 1.36) | 1.43 (1.19, 1.71) | ||
Diabetes | |||||||
Yes | 29,402 | 1 (ref) | 1.17 (1.02, 1.34) | 1.19 (0.99, 1.43) | 1.04 (0.80, 1.36) | 0.44 | |
No | 458,794 | 1 (ref) | 1.1 (1.03, 1.17) | 1.15 (1.06, 1.25) | 1.28 (1.15, 1.43) | ||
Atrial fibrillation | |||||||
Yes | 7107 | 1 (ref) | 0.89 (0.66, 1.2) | 1.17 (0.79, 1.71) | 1.08 (0.63, 1.85) | 0.50 | |
No | 481,089 | 1 (ref) | 1.11 (1.05, 1.18) | 1.14 (1.06, 1.23) | 1.23 (1.11, 1.37) | ||
Congestive heart failure | |||||||
Yes | 552 | 1 (ref) | 0.3 (0.08, 1.14) | 0.18 (0.02, 2) | 1.56 (0.3, 8.03) | 0.12 | |
No | 487,644 | 1 (ref) | 1.11 (1.05, 1.18) | 1.16 (1.08, 1.25) | 1.24 (1.12, 1.37) | ||
Stroke | |||||||
Yes | 8407 | 1 (ref) | 1.14 (0.84, 1.56) | 1.41 (0.97, 2.06) | 1.45 (0.87, 2.4) | 0.94 | |
No | 479,789 | 1 (ref) | 1.11 (1.04, 1.17) | 1.15 (1.06, 1.24) | 1.24 (1.12, 1.37) | ||
Asthma | |||||||
Yes | 58,893 | 1 (ref) | 1.03 (0.9, 1.16) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.23) | 1.14 (0.92, 1.42) | 0.08 | |
No | 429,303 | 1 (ref) | 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) | 1.18 (1.09, 1.29) | 1.27 (1.13, 1.42) |