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Table 2 Lung function data summary for COVID-19 survivors

From: Lung function and breathing patterns in hospitalised COVID-19 survivors: a review of post-COVID-19 Clinics

 

WARD

ITU

ALL

Absolute

% Predicted

SR

% Abnormal

Absolute

% Predicted

SR

% Abnormal

Absolute

% Predicted

SR

% Abnormal

Spirometry

N = 45

N = 42

N = 87

FEV1

2.76 (0.11)

88.6 (2.6)

−0.73 (0.18)

23

2.81 (0.12)

85.5 (2.7)

−1.02 (0.20)

26

2.78 (0.08)

87.1 (1.86)

−0.87 (0.13)

23

FVC

3.32 (0.14)

84.6 (2.4)

−1.09 (0.19)

21

3.40 (0.16)

81.3 (2.7)

−1.39 (0.21)

34

3.36 (0.10)

83.0 (1.81)

−1.24 (0.14)

26

FEV1/FVC %

84.7 (79.5–88.3)

106.0 (100.0–109.5)

0.74 (0.12–1.41)

2

84.8 (81.8–87.6)

107.0 (103.0–109.8)

0.94 (0.43–1.31)

1

84.7 (80.8–88.2)

107.0 (101.0–110.0)

0.86 (0.23–1.35)

2

PEF

8.48 (6.91–10.25)

113.0 (100.5–123.5)

0.90 (0.07–1.69)

6

8.99 (7.32–9.81)

110.0 (100.3–123.8)

0.71 (0.04–1.70)

4

8.67 (7.02–10.24)

112.0 (100.0–124.0)

0.85 (0.01–1.74)

5

VC

3.44 (0.13)

87.4 (2.1)

−0.78 (0.16)

13

3.45 (0.15)

82.5 (2.6)

−1.14 (0.19)

30

3.44 (0.10)

84.8 (1.7)

−0.97 (0.13)

20

Empey Index

5.67 (4.77–6.26)

–

–

0

5.42 (4.74–6.08)

–

–

0

5.49 (4.74–6.21)

–

–

0

Lung volumes

N = 8

N = 8

N = 16

TLC

4.78 (4.45–5.41)

80.0 (73.8–82.5)

−1.70 (−2.21–−1.67

75

5.15 (4.77–5.59)

79.5 (75.8–81.5)

−1.87 (−2.14–−1.70)

75

5.07 (4.71–5.41)

80.0 (75.0–82.3)

−1.79 (−2.17–−1.67)

75

FRC

2.43 (1.99–2.82)

70.0 (65.0–79.8)

−1.52 (−2.00–−1.17)

38

2.42 (2.19–2.75)

72.0 (63.5–82.8)

−1.50 (−2.11–−1.01)

38

2.42 (2.06–2.82)

70.5 (63.5–82.0)

−1.50 (−2.11–−1.08)

38

RV

1.50 (1.32–1.81)

70.0 (61.8–76.8)

−1.51 (−1.79–−1.16)

50

1.73 (1.70–1.84)

81.5 (76.0–84.5)

−0.91 (−1.10–−0.80)

13

1.72 (1.44–1.84)

75.0 (69.3–84.5)

−1.16 (−1.68–−0.80)

25

Gas transfer

N = 45

N = 40

N = 85

TLco

7.17 (0.25)

79.1 (1.9)

−1.40 (0.13)

40

7.58 (0.33)

81.1 (2.07)

−1.23 (0.14)

38

7.36 (0.21)

80.1 (1.4)

−1.31 (0.10)

36

Kco

1.53 (1.36–1.66)

97.0 (86.5–108.0)

−0.26 (−1.00–0.52)*

10

1.55 (1.43–1.73)

105.0 (95.8–114.0)

0.27 (−0.32–0.82)*

8

1.54 (1.42–1.71)

102.0 (90.0–112.8)

−0.05 (−0.75–0.73)

8

VA

4.62 (0.14)

80.2 (2.0)

−1.76 (0.19)

51

4.91 (0.18)

77.6 (1.9)

−2.02 (0.18)

53

4.75 (0.12)

79.0 (1.4)

−1.87 (0.13)

50

SLP

N = 45

N = 34

N = 79

RTC

46.71 (2.06)

84.64 (3.63)

−0.64 (0.15)

11

49.88 (2.05)

92.39 (3.81)

−0.35 (0.17)

9

48.08 (1.47)

87.98 (2.66)

−0.51 (0.11)

10

IE50

1.31 (0.06)

100.4 (4.4)

0.11 (0.16)

14

1.32 (0.04)

107.1 (3.5)

0.32 (0.23)

18

1.34 (0.04)

103.8 (2.9)

0.24 (0.13)

15

Ti:Ttot

0.40 (0.01)

104.7 (3.7)

0.58 (0.36)

23

0.43 (0.01)

106.1 (1.6)

0.71 (0.19)

21

0.41 (0.01)

101.9 (2.3)

0.37 (0.22)

22

PA

4.70 (3.60–8.50)

132.0 (93.6–236.9)

0.50 (−0.09–1.64)

28

5.50 (3.70–6.75)

154.3 (97.2–191.4)

0.81 (−0.18–1.25)

14

5.10 (3.60–7.60)

138.8 (93.8–214.5)

0.73 (−0.12–1.52)

22

RR

15.95 (0.93)

111.4 (6.3)

0.53 (0.22)

21

17.71 (0.88)

119.1 (6.0)

0.57 (0.21)

21

16.70 (0.65)

112.0 (4.5)

0.39 (0.16)

19

SDBB

0.41 (0.16–0.75)

–

–

–

0.31 (0.17–0.54)

–

–

–

0.36 (0.16–0.64)

–

–

–

RMSSD

0.38 (0.17–0.86)

–

–

–

0.34 (0.18–0.61)

–

–

–

0.37 (0.18–0.72)

–

–

–

Oximetry

N = 45

N = 47

N = 92

SpO2

97 (96–98)

–

–

0

97 (96–97)

–

–

0

97 (96–98)

–

–

0

  1. Of all lung function parameters, only KCO was statistically different, with a higher SR value being observed in ITU patients compared to those treated on the ward (*p = 0.03). Patients include those treated on medical wards only (WARD), those who attended intensive therapy unit (ITU) and the total group (ALL). Absolute, % predicted and SR values are displayed as either Mean (SE) or Median (IQR), depending on the distribution of data. Normality is defined as an SR value between −1.64 and 1.64
  2. Spirometry: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), Relaxed Vital Capacity (VC). Lung volumes: Total Lung Capacity (TLC), Residual Volume (RV) and Functional Residual Capacity (FRC); Gas transfer: Transfer Factor (TLCO), Transfer Coefficient (KCO) and Alveolar Volume (VA) for single breath carbon monoxide test. All volumes are expressed in litres corrected for body temperature and pressure saturated with water (BTPS). TLCO is expressed in (mmol/kPa/min) and KCO in (mmol/kPa/min/L). Empey Index is FEV1/PEF in (mL/L/min). SLP values include; Relative Thoracic Contribution (RTC) expressed as a percentage (%), Inspiratory:Expiratory flow at 50% of tidal volume (IE50), Duty Cycle (Ti:Ttot) is the ratio of time of inspiration to total breathing cycle time, Phase Angle (PA) is expressed in degrees and Respiratory Rate (RR) is expressed in breaths per minute. The variability of breathing is expressed as the Standard Deviation of the Breath by Breath interval (SDBB) and the Root Mean Square Standard Deviation (RMSSD)
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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