Fig. 5

Analysis of time to first CID event in patients with (a) moderate and (b) severe COPD at baseline (ITT population). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. ^aPatients with ≥50% predicted post-bronchodilator FEV₁; ^bPatients with <50% predicted post-bronchodilator FEV₁. The risk of a first CID event was analyzed using a Cox-Proportional Hazard model including study, treatment group, and smoking status as covariates. AB, aclidinium bromide; CID, clinically important deterioration; FF, formoterol fumarate; HR, hazard ratio; ITT, intent-to-treat