Fig. 1

Reduction of glucocorticoid-induced CTGF mRNA expression in H441 and IMR-90 cells by caffeine. H441 and IMR-90 cells were treated with 1 μM of the indicated glucocorticoids and/or 10 mM caffeine for 24 h. qPCR against CTGF mRNA was performed as described in Methods. CTGF mRNA levels of H441 cells (a) and IMR-90 cells (b) were normalized to GAPDH, and fold differences compared to untreated cells were calculated. Means + SD of n ≥ 3 independent experiments are shown. ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 compared to untreated controls; *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 compared to cells treated with the corresponding glucocorticoid