Fig. 4

Global gene expression analysis. a A hierarchical clustering using DNA microarray analysis of IL-13– and clarithromycin-dependent gene expression changes in MRC5 cells. Genes whose expression were increased more than 4-fold by IL-13 without clarithromycin are displayed. The rows represent genes; the experimental conditions are shown as columns. The color represents the expression level of the gene (Red represents high expression, while green represents low expression). The dendrograms provide some qualitative means of assessing the similarity between genes and between experimental conditions. Among IL-13–inducible genes, expression of 390 genes was decreased by 50% or more, 56 genes were unaffected (0.5 to 1.5-fold), and expression of 8 genes was further increased by clarithromycin. b GO term decreased (a) or unchanged (b) by clarithromycin among genes increased 4-fold by IL-13. Gene enrichment in each GO term was analyzed by Fisher’s exact test. P values for (a) are extracellular region, 6.9E-04; plasma membrane, 1.6E-04; defense response, 6.1E-04; epidermis development, 1.3E-03; TNFR, 2.3E-02; positive regulation of immune system process, 4.5E-03; positive regulation of multicellular organismal process; 5.1E-03; and regulation of protein kinase cascade, 5.6E-03. P values for (b) are negative regulation of cell communication, 9.4E-03; glycoprotein, 5.6E-03; Golgi apparatus part, 2.1E-02; chemotaxis, 4.0E-02; signal, 7.0E-02; and regulation of phosphorylation, 2.4E-01