Table 1 Clinical, biomarker, and demographic characteristics of ADEPT clusters at baseline
From: Validated and longitudinally stable asthma phenotypes based on cluster analysis of the ADEPT study
Variablea | Healthy (n = 31) | Cluster A1 (n = 28) | Cluster A2 (n = 44) | Cluster A3 (n = 49) | Cluster A4 (n = 35) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean [Geo.Mean] ± SD | ||||||
FEV1, pre-bd, % predicted | 106.1 ± 13.5 | 103.5 ± 11.8 | 77.4 ± 10.2 | 76.5 ± 9.8 | 66.8 ± 11.5 | <10 −6 |
FVC, pre-bd, % predicted | 108.8 ± 13.6 | 111.1 ± 10.8 | 100.0 ± 12.0 | 88.2 ± 9.8 | 88.7 ± 12.0 | <10 −6 |
FEV1/FVC, pre-bd | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.80 ± 0.08 | 0.65 ± 0.08 | 0.72 ± 0.08 | 0.64 ± 0.11 | <10 −6 |
bd reversibility, % change FEV1 | 4.1 ± 3.6 | 10.2 ± 6.3 | 17.6 ± 7.0 | 14.8 ± 9.6 | 32.2 ± 21.9 | <10 −6 |
ACQ7 | na | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | <10 −6 |
AQLQ | na | 6.0 ± 1.0 | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | <10 −6 |
FENO, ppb [Geo.Mean] | na | 35.2 + 28.1/-15.6 | 43.8 + 36.7/-20.0 | 16.4 + 9.7/-6.1 | 37.7 + 47.8/-21.1 | <10 −6 |
Blood eosinophils, ×1000/ul [Geo.Mean] | 0.112 + 0.106/-0.054 | 0.150 + 0.168/-0.079 | 0.299 + 0.234/-0.131 | 0.131 + 0.100/-0.057 | 0.237 + 0.286/-0.130 | <10 −6 |
PC20, mg/ml [Geo.Mean] | na | 2.8 + 11.3/-2.2 | 0.3 + 1.4/-0.3 | 2.2 + 7.0/-1.7 | 0.6 + 2.8/-0.5 | <10 −6 |
Blood neutrophils, ×1000/ul [Geo.Mean] | 3.47 + 1.50/-1.05 | 3.26 + 1.03/-0.78 | 3.83 + 1.56/-1.11 | 3.93 + 1.65/-1.16 | 3.73 + 1.29/-0.96 | 0.0999 |
Blood WBC, ×1000/ul [Geo.Mean] | 6.01 + 1.72/-1.34 | 6.01 + 1.43/-1.16 | 6.42 + 2.04/-1.55 | 6.32 + 2.12/-1.59 | 6.49 + 1.38/-1.14 | 0.6676 |
Sputum neutrophils, % of WBCb | 53.6 ± 20.1 | 41.4 ± 33.0 | 42.2 ± 25.8 | 63.1 ± 23.8 | 55.9 ± 21.7 | 0.0053 |
Sputum eosinophils, % of WBC [Geo.Mean]b | 0.4 + 0.8/-0.3 | 1.0 + 4.7/-0.8 | 7.1 + 18.7/-5.1 | 0.9 + 3.5/-0.7 | 3.5 + 10.5/-2.6 | <10 −6 |
Serum IgE, RFU [Geo.Mean] | 1.0 + 2.1/-0.7 | 7.6 + 29.5/-6.0 | 12.6 + 27.5/-8.6 | 7.1 + 20.3/-5.3 | 14.4 + 33.2/-10.0 | 0.0388 |
Age, years | 31.5 ± 9.1 | 32.5 ± 14.3 | 42.4 ± 12.0 | 43.0 ± 11.8 | 46.8 ± 13.3 | 0.0002 |
Age of onset, years | na | 15.4 ± 13.9 | 21.0 ± 14.0 | 22.7 ± 15.2 | 23.7 ± 18.6 | 0.1537 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 3.3 | 25.2 ± 3.2 | 25.7 ± 3.6 | 26.9 ± 3.7 | 26.6 ± 4.1 | 0.1622 |
Percent of clinical cluster | ||||||
Mild, no ICS (%) | na | 93% | 16% | 27% | 11% | |
Moderate, low-medium ICS (%) | na | 7% | 52% | 43% | 26% | <10 −6 |
Severe, high ICS (%) | na | 0% | 32% | 31% | 63% | |
Male (%) | 65% | 46% | 48% | 43% | 43% | 0.9500 |
Atopic, Phadiatop positive (%) | 0% | 79% | 91% | 69% | 71% | 0.0670 |
Serum IgE-high, >95th %ile of controls (%) | 0% | 71% | 86% | 69% | 83% | 0.1692 |
Sputum Pauci (Eos < %3, PMN < 60%) (%)b | 45% | 48% | 16% | 36% | 21% | |
Sputum Neutr. (Eos < 3, PMN > =60%) (%)b | 50% | 30% | 13% | 43% | 17% | 0.0012 |
Sputum Mix (Eos ≥ 3%, PMN > =60%) (%)b | 0% | 0% | 13% | 14% | 29% | |
Sputum Eos. (Eos ≥ 3%, PMN < 60%) (%)b | 5% | 22% | 59% | 7% | 33% | |
FENO ≥ 35 ppb (%) | na | 50% | 61% | 4% | 44% | <10 −6 |
Blood eosinophils ≥ 300/ul (%) | 6% | 21% | 50% | 6% | 34% | 2.9 x10 −5 |
FENO ≥ 35 ppb OR Blood eos. ≥ 300/ul (%) | na | 57% | 84% | 10% | 57% | <10 −6 |
Biopsy CCL26-high (%)c | 0% | 56% | 42% | 16% | 31% | 0.0515 |