Variable | Normal | At Risk | GOLD 1 | GOLD 2+ | Overall P-values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, in year [mean(sd)] | 67.75 (5.84) | 66.06 (8.44) | 66.94 (11.20) | 67.67 (10.22) | 0.952 |
Sex, male gender [n(%)] | 4 (25.00) | 5 (31.25) | 9 (56.25) | 9 (50.00) | 0.215 |
Tobacco smoking status [n(%)] | |||||
Never | 16 (100.00) | - | 7 (43.75) | 4 (22.22) | <0.001* |
Ex-smokers | - | 14 (87.50) | 6 (37.50) | 9 (50.00) | <0.001* |
Current smokers | - | 2 (12.50) | 3 (18.75) | 5 (27.78) | 0.149 |
Cigarette smoker pack-years [mean(sd)] | - | 14.56 (11.26) | 20.02 (26.57) | 27.28 (28.78) | <0.001* |
Post-bronchodilator spirometry [mean(sd)] | |||||
FEV1, L | 2.38 (0.48) | 2.55 (0.63) | 2.59 (0.56) | 1.60 (0.70) | <0.001* |
FEV1, % predicted | 101.28 (11.33) | 100.04 (10.75) | 101.06 (20.55) | 60.62 (16.68) | <0.001* |
FEV1/FVC, % | 76.39 (4.21) | 78.23 (4.48) | 67.04 (7.14) | 53.18 (12.93) | <0.001* |
Biomarker expression [mean(sd)] | |||||
RelB (X10−3) | 0.74 (1.08) | 0.61 (0.19) | 0.61 (0.28) | 0.56 (0.16) | 0.326 |
COX-2 (X10−3) | 7.74 (8.35) | 5.62 (1.94) | 6.30 (2.74) | 6.76 (2.95) | 0.453 |
146a (X10-3) | 0.09 (0.11) | 0.46 (1.10) | 0.47 (0.62) | 1.22 (3.37) | 0.064 |